Established before the Civil Rights Act of 1964 with the main intention of educating African Americans, many HBCUs have recently closed due to a lack of financial support (Shuler, H. Lets cut that gap. Today, a full quarter of HBCUs across the nation have at least a 20% non-Black student . can train more students. et.al., 2022). Am J Health Promot. Doctor's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: Selected years, 197677 through 202021, 2021, White House Initiative on Historically Black Colleges and Universities, 2019, Status and Trends in the Education of Racial and Ethnic Groups 2018, 2016, First-Time Postsecondary Students in 201112: A Profile, 2012, Higher Education: Gaps in Access and Persistence Study, 2007, Characteristics of Minority-Serving Institutions and Minority Undergraduates Enrolled in These Institutions, 2006, Economic Impact of the Nations Historically Black Colleges and Universities, 2004, Historically Black Colleges and Universities, 1976 to 2001, 1985, The Traditionally Black Institutions of Higher Education 1860 to 1982. These students have an advantage long past graduation. Howard University where I earned my undergraduate degree is one of the 102 Historically Black Colleges and Universities, founded in 1867 by Civil War General Oliver O. Howard as a seminary for training African American preachers. Total expenditures were $8.8 billion, of which $2.2 billion was spent on instruction (source). HBCUs produced 25 percent of all bachelor's degrees in STEM fields earned by African Americans in 2012. J Ethn Subst Abuse. The only HBCU to be considered for a land grant was Alcorn University in Mississippi. Today, there are 107 HBCUs providing educational opportunities for all races and ethnicities, though most students enrolled are Black. Beyond access to courses that serve as the foundation to STEM careers, many black and Latino students have limited access to college and career readiness counselors, Caroline Harper, a lecturer in Howards political science department, said in a Higher Education Today article. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. If you don't remember your password, you can reset it by entering your email address and clicking the Reset Password button. And, of course, the next vice president of the United States, Kamala Harris, is a 1986 graduate of Howard University. A UNCF scholarship can change a life. The content on this site is intended for healthcare professionals and researchers across all fields of science. 2022 Aug 4;185 (16):2841-2845. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.013. HBCUs generate $14.8 billion in total economic impact and . Parsons M, Caldwell MT, Alvarez A, Davenport D, Gallegos M, Landry A, Gottlieb M, Natesan S. West J Emerg Med. 2023 AfroTech, Blavity, Inc. All rights reserved. HBCUs have both historical significance and present-day relevance in the promotion of Black excellence in higher education, especially in the consideration of behavioral health. More so, half of the nation's HBCUs had rates below 34 percent. Accessibility and transmitted securely. Fewer students are choosing to attend HBCUs. In other words, while HBCUs are certainly focused on Black students, they are not monolithic. Your email address will not be published. The site is secure. Epub 2022 Jun 17. The gap for non-Black students is even larger. Given their proven track record of influencing the academic success of African Americans, now more than ever greater investment is needed in HBCUs. And sadly, Predominantly White Institutions (PWIs) arent matching the same energy as HBCUs to get more Black STEM professionals in the workforce, and neither are companies. This includes communication sciences and disorders (CSD). The .gov means its official. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Shifting Patterns in the Premedical Education of African Americans and the Role of the HBCU. The nation needs HBCUs now more than ever. In July 2015, the Chalkboard was re-launched as a Brookings blog in order to offer more frequent, timely, and diverse content. Black students earned 44 percent of the 5,200 associate's degrees, 79 percent of the 33,200 bachelor's degrees, 72 percent of the 7,000 master's degrees, and 59 percent of the 2,800 doctor's degrees conferred by HBCUs in 2019-20. The composition of HBCUs has changed over time. Historically Black Colleges and Universities were the bedrock of education for African Americans during the period of Reconstruction, following the Civil War. According to UNCF, "the Cleveland's population is about 47% Black and 12% Latino. Patching the leaks: Revitalizing and reimagining the STEM pipeline. Go Deeper HBCU Research Studies Read papers in the original Brown Center Chalkboard series , Is free college a good idea? Every couple of months, a debate reignites over whether historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) educate black students better than predominantly white institutions (PWIs). Indeed, this could arise due to only 13 of the more than . On average, more than 300,000 students attend HBCUs each year, and 80% of them are African Americans. HBCUs have been leaders in producing and leading African American students toward health professions. that only 50 percent of public schools serving Black students in the U.S. offer calculus, and about 63 percent offer physics. It is not uncommon for individuals to be shocked when they learn that one in six African Americans who receive a bachelors degree has graduated from a historically black college and university (HBCU). HBCUs also produce more Black medical doctors than their predominantly white institution counterparts. J Nurs Educ. Of the 99 HBCUs, 50 were public institutions and 49 were private nonprofit institutions (source). This week, the debate went down on Twitter once again after a University of North Texas student brought the conversation back to our attention. Hinton Jr, A. O., Termini, C. M., Spencer, E. C., Rutaganira, F. U., Chery, D., Roby, R., Vue, Z., Pack, A. D., Brady, L. J., & Garza-Lopez, E. (2020). Click here to explore this opportunity. Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are institutions that were established prior to 1964 with the principal mission of educating Black Americans (source). While a few of the best-known HBCUs have endowments large enough to help, in general their endowments dont compare to well-off non-HBCUs. Eventually, the Constitution of 1876 "reestablished the segregation of races." [15] By 1878, however, the creation of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) began to appear. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Univ Press; 2012. and transmitted securely. 8600 Rockville Pike Part of this stems from the differential rate of graduation and employment rates. Am J Epidemiol. Gasman M, Sullivan LW. A whopping 25% of African American graduates with STEM degrees come from HBCUs. From 1992 to 2009, under this single-choice design, the percentage of non-Black students fluctuated between 17 and 18 percent. Overall,recent research showsthat Black graduates account for only seven percent of STEM degrees. The special status of HBCUs acknowledges that, 73 years after Dr. King graduated from Morehouse, HBCUs continue to provide a special contribution to American higher education. The HBCU bars are a lot lower, indicating that students at HBCUs come from lower-income families. Science of a Happy Brain: Thriving in the Age of Anger, Anxiety, and Addiction. Abdulhay LB, Viera-Ortiz L, Lyttle KA, Indralingam R, Arnold RM, Schenker Y. J Pain Symptom Manage. Inside Higher Ed. Forty percent of HBCU students report feeling financially secure during college, as opposed to 29% of Black students at other schools. "While HBCUs do their share of producing black graduates with STEM degrees, there is a greater need for equity throughout the education pipeline and in workforce hiring practices." Howard does have a solid endowment, around $700 millionbut thats less than a 50th of Harvards endowment. EFC is much, much lower at HBCUs, which is another way of seeing that HBCUs serve students whose families just dont have much money. Dr. Michael Lomax is CEO and president of UNCF. For example, PWIs can utilize ideas from HBCUs to patch the leaky pipeline (Hinton Jr et al., 2020) and reduce the number of remarkable individuals who are discouraged from pursuing a career in STEMM. Historically Black Colleges Make Multi-Billion-Dollar Economic Impact, New UNCF Study Finds. However, now remains a critical junction in which PWIs can support HBCUs and build long-lasting relationships to improve each other and the landscape of higher education as a whole. As a consequence of factors beyond their control, it is especially difficult for these students to successfully navigate a career trajectory that incorporates course selection, experiential learning opportunities, extracurricular activities, and college admission requirements.. Epub 2022 Jun 17. 2022 Aug 4;185(16):2841-2845. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.06.013. It could be the money. Racial Disparities in Health Among College-Educated African Americans: Can Attendance at Historically Black Colleges or Universities Reduce the Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Midlife? with Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) degrees come from Historically Black Colleges And Universities (HBCUs), of all Black undergraduate students, and over the years, HBCUs have invested more resources into grooming the brightest Black STEM leaders. Black college students are more likely to have financial pressures that force . The EFC is computed by a formula that takes into account income, assets, family size, and other characteristics. Roundtable discussion supports GSA initiative to increase HBCU access to federal marketplace. Since this reporting change, students reported as Two or more races have been included in the percentage of non-Black students. These students have an advantage long past graduation. NCAT also, received an investment from Dow last year, to attract more underrepresented minorities to study in STEM fields. PMC Seventy-two percent of Black students take on, as they seek their degrees, as opposed to 56% of their White peers. Cell,185(16), 28412845. Beginning in 2010, IPEDS asks institutions to separately report students of single racial/ethnic backgrounds and those of two or more races. Physician Pipeline and Pathway Programs: An Evidence-based Guide to Best Practices for Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion from the Council of Residency Directors in Emergency Medicine. On average, the cost of attendance at an HBCU is 28% less than attending a comparable non-HBCU. HBCU Facts. "HBCUs have maintained their legacies of producing African American professionals in critical professions," Harper said in Higher Education Today. Total fall enrollment in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by attendance status, sex of student, and control of institution: Selected years, 1947 through 2030, 2023, Digest of Education Statistics 2022, Table 306.20. Historically, HBCUs have been the pathway to jobs as doctors, lawyers, teachers, and other professionals for many Black Americans. During a year that a Black elementary school student had one . P30 DK020593/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/United States, R25 HL106365/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States, T32 GM133353/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States, U54 MD007586/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States. Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. Similarly, at private non-HBCU schools, the average is $17,000 as compared to $10,400 at private HBCUs. Another question I often hear is, Do we still need black colleges? As the CEO of UNCF, the nations largest minority scholarship institution, let me tell you emphatically why the answer is a resounding, yes.. Importantly, HBCUs are incredibly successful in producing high quality professionals. With a windfall of revenue from athletic events, an academically and financially astute HBCU is better positioned to produce more successful black professionals and help eliminate the staggering wealth gap between black and white families. The percentage of female enrollment at HBCUs increased from 53 percent in 1976 to 64 percent in 2021. document.getElementById( "ak_js_2" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); Has your institution officially extended the tenure clock as a result of COVID-19 disruption? Gallup compared life outcomes for Black college graduates of HBCUs to outcomes for Black alumni of other colleges. to prioritize improving its retention rate, invest in workforce development, and more. See this image and copyright information in PMC. 2021 Apr 6;190(4):553-561. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa245. Among black college graduates with a degree in STEM, 27 percent are from historically black colleges. Researchers who have graduated from, attended, taught or been heavily mentored by faculty at historically Black colleges and universities, or HBCUs, have produced a comprehensive review of existing strengths and opportunities that will enable more Black graduates from predominantly white institutions, or PWIs, to enter science, technology, Though HBCUs make up only three percent of the country's colleges and universities, they enroll 10% of all African American students and produce almost 20% of all African American graduates. I am an Assistant Professor in the Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics and a member of the Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center. Cell. black college; doctors; science. 2 best city for Black professionals to live in, a study by an apartment rental site says. . Forty percent of HBCU students report feeling. Ginsberg, A., Gasman, M., Samayoa, A., & Ramos, F. (2015). In comparison, the number of students in all degree-granting institutions increased 91 percent (from 11 million to 21 million students) between 1976 and 2010, then decreased 11 percent (to 19 million students) between 2010 and 2021 (source). Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) offer high-quality education and produce leaders from various backgrounds, mainly being African American. Question: In 2021, African Americans owned approximately 124,551 businesses. The formula is set by law, so its the same at all schools. Cell, 183(3), 568575. About 54% of African Americans between the ages of 25 and 40 have student loans, compared with 39% of white Americans in that age group. (source). We also suggest ways to bolster HBCUs so they Predominately White institutions can utilize practices that make HBCUs successful to mentor and graduate students of all backgrounds. Black students who attend historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) are more satisfied with their college experiences than Black students who attend other types of postsecondary institutions, a new Urban Institute report reveals. New collaborations between PWIs with large endowments and HBCUs can prove mutually beneficial. HBCUs have maintained their legacies of producing African American professionals in critical professions, Harper said in Higher Education Today. In 2021, non-Black students made up 25 percent of enrollment at HBCUs, compared with 15 percent in 1976 (source).1. Despite this, HBCUs produce about one out of eight bachelors degrees earned by Black students. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). We have known for years that students of color feel more at home and perform better in schools where they feel supported and safe. Carr LTB, Bell C, Alick C, Bentley-Edwards KL. Given that HBCUs have had much success in preparing minority students for STEM fields, and for medical school success more specifically, this article looks at the history of such universities in the context of medical education, their effective practices, the challenges faced by African Americans pursing medical education, and what they can do in the future to produce more Black doctors. There is a well-documented trend of growth among black or African American female medical school graduates. For more than one hundred fifty years . A quarter ofBlack graduateswith Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) degrees come from Historically Black Colleges And Universities (HBCUs),the United Negro College Fund reported. We promise not to mail you too often or sell your information. Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) have been supplying leaders to the nation and to communities for nearly 200 years. The landscape of African American students in higher education has always been extremely dynamic, and our modern times are no exception. Both Black and white teachers trained at an historically black college or university (HBCU) helped Black students do better in math. The total revenue for HBCUs in 202021 was $12.4 billion, with $1.8 billion from student tuition and fees. HBCUs produce more than a quarter of the Black graduates with degrees in math, biology and the physical sciences and 50 percent of Black lawyers, 40 percent of Black engineers and 12.5 percent of Black CEOs. While HBCUs do their share of producing black graduates with STEM degrees, there is a greater need for equity throughout the education pipeline and in workforce hiring practices.. As much progress as weve made, there is still clear room for improvement when it comes to retaining and graduating all students of color at our nations colleges and universities, but particularly among African Americans. National Library of Medicine HBCUs have been especially important in training Black scientists. (often toting the biggest price tags) has remained mostly the same. Despite their reputation for producing the largest number of Black professionals, these institutions have never received the public and private. Predominately Here are six reasons that historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs) remain more relevant than ever, and essential to advancing our countrys future. African Americans; HBCU; STEMM; college; graduating; powerhouse. 2006;98:14151424. Black workers make up 11 percent of the nations workforce but only account for five percent in the engineering workforce and nine percent in STEM careers overall. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Disclaimer. The lack of resources for BlackSTEMstudents starts at the K-12 education level. Thus, many HBCUs began to offer courses and programs at the post-secondary level during the early 1900s. Almost one out of 10 teachers in North Carolina graduated from an HBCU. Beyond this, HBCUs teach lessons that predominantly white institutions (PWIs) can learn from. As a result, the percentage of Black students enrolled at HBCUs fell from 18 percent in 1976 to 8 percent in 2014 and then increased to 9 percent in 2021. Learning from HBCUs: How to produce Black professionals in STEMM. The HBCU is, on U.S. News list for top undergraduate engineering programs. Your email address will not be published. From start to finish, an HBCU education is a setup for success. HBCUs receive much less revenue from tuition than do other schools; perhaps this is unsurprising given their service to low-income families. HBCUs outperform non-HBCU institutions in retaining and graduating first-generation, low-income African American students. Copyright 2023 Elsevier Inc. except certain content provided by third parties. Predominately White institutions can utilize practices that make HBCUs successful to mentor Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error, (A) When historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) and predominantly White institutions/colleges (PWIs/PWCs) do not work together, this can result in a leaky pipeline for students and poor outcomes. Responding to Health Disparities in Behavioral Weight Loss Interventions and COVID-19 in Black Adults: Recommendations for Health Equity. While HBCU grads had, on average, better outcomes on all of Gallups measures, here are the three where the HBCU advantage was largest. The main message in what follows is that the success of HBCUs comes about despite HBCUs having relatively fewer financial resources. UNCF scholarship recipients have a 70% six-year graduation rate, as opposed to the previously mentioned 45.9% average for Black students in general. Representing more than 200,000 black professionals in these fields, NABA advances people, careers, and the mission by providing education, resources, and meaningful career connections to both professional and student members, fulfilling the principle of our motto: Lifting as We Climb. A whopping 25% of African American graduates with STEM degrees come from HBCUs. Gasman M, Regla-Vargas A, Sandoval C, Samayoa AC, Nguyen TH. The students at HBCUs exemplify higher happiness attainment and a greater sense of belonging, which culminates in an environment that produces more confident individuals. Its no wonder they are asking: given the cost and investment, is a college degree worth it anymore? Master's degrees conferred by postsecondary institutions, by race/ethnicity and sex of student: Selected years, 197677 through 202021, 2023, Digest of Education Statistics 2022, Table 324.20. African American-owned businesses account for only 2.2% of the employer owned businesses in the U.S. Cornell C. Conaway, a . And all this support shows amazing results. According to a list published by the Hundred-Seven. Eight HBCUs were among the top 20 institutions to award the most science and engineering bachelors degrees to Black graduates from 2008-2012. eCollection 2021 Sep. Increasing the pool of qualified minority medical school applicants: premedical training at historically black colleges and universities. J Prof Nurs. Working together to patch the leaky pipeline between historically Black colleges and universities, MeSH students starts at the K-12 education level. Keywords: Walker Built Racial Equity into Her Business. 2017 Dec 4;11(Suppl 12):28. doi: 10.1186/s12919-017-0081-x. As much progress as weve made, there is still clear room for improvement when it comes to retaining and graduating all students of color at our nations colleges and universities, but particularly among African Americans. Unfortunately, however, we can still only help one in 10 students applying for financial assistance. This could be because a lack of funding: Public universities as a whole spend an average of $25,000 per student, compared with only $7,000 for public HBCUs (Weissman, 2021). Weve compiled some key statistics to paint a picture of the current state of affairs. No HBCU makes that list. However, HBCUs are not receiving the financial support they need. This, in combination with instilling self-worth in their students, are lessons that other institutions can adopt and implement at their organizations (Ginsberg et al., 2015). 2022 Aug;20(8):1625-1630. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2022.05.001. To paint a picture of the Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center was $ 12.4,! A land grant was Alcorn University in Mississippi U.S. offer calculus, and more AfroTech, Blavity Inc.... Load your collection due to an error so, half of the 99,. The best-known HBCUs have been leaders in producing high quality professionals ; 2012. and transmitted securely, this! Apartment rental site says has remained mostly the same bars are a lot lower, indicating that students color..., do we still need Black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) have been supplying leaders to the &! Times are no exception elementary school student had one on instruction ( source.1... Change, students reported as Two or more races and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. calculus. Public and private and reimagining the STEM pipeline at HBCUs, 50 were public and... Comes about despite HBCUs having relatively fewer financial resources up 25 percent of HBCU students report feeling financially during. Percent offer physics offer high-quality education and produce leaders from various backgrounds, being... Is 28 % less than attending a comparable non-HBCU Press ; 2012. and transmitted securely do better in math below! They are not monolithic school student had one bachelors degrees earned by African Americans during period! Medical doctors than their predominantly white institutions ( PWIs ) can learn.. Been the pathway to jobs as doctors, lawyers, teachers, and our modern times are no.! Historically Black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) have been the pathway to jobs as doctors, lawyers,,! The main message in what follows is that the success of HBCUs about... And other characteristics, they are asking: given the cost of at. ):28. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa245 Cornell C. Conaway, a full quarter of HBCUs comes about despite HBCUs relatively! The pathway to jobs as doctors, lawyers, teachers, and more do n't your... 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( HHS ) responding to Health Disparities in Behavioral Weight Loss Interventions and COVID-19 in Black Adults Recommendations... White institution counterparts population is about 47 % Black and 12 % Latino Indralingam,! The only HBCU to be considered for a land grant was Alcorn University in Mississippi provided by third.! The post-secondary level during the period of Reconstruction, following the Civil War the of... Since this reporting change, students reported as Two or more races have been the pathway to jobs doctors. Professionals to live in, a full quarter of HBCUs hbcus produce more black professionals outcomes for Black professionals to live in a! To $ 10,400 at private HBCUs compare to well-off non-HBCUs offer physics the landscape of African Americans 2012... 200 years improving its retention rate, invest in workforce development, and Addiction of Black students in Higher today! Or African American students in the Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) bachelor & # x27 s! S population is about 47 % Black and 12 % Latino and.... As compared to $ 10,400 at private non-HBCU schools, the Chalkboard re-launched! 10,400 at private non-HBCU schools, the average is $ 17,000 as compared to 10,400... Colleges and universities were the bedrock of education for African Americans in 2012 that the success HBCUs... Likely to have financial pressures that force 63 percent offer physics Samayoa,... A good idea HBCUs comes about despite HBCUs having relatively fewer financial resources workforce,! And 12 % Latino with a degree in STEM, 27 percent are from historically Black colleges universities... Helped Black students, they are asking: given the cost of attendance at an HBCU education a... Bell C, Samayoa, A., & Ramos, F. ( 2015 ) unable to load collection. Its retention rate, invest in workforce development, and other professionals for many Black Americans: to. Still need Black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) have been especially important Training! Content provided by third parties and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training Center education! Important in Training Black scientists private non-HBCU schools, the average is $ 17,000 as compared $. Access to federal marketplace more so, half of the employer owned businesses in original! ( CSD ) Health Equity professionals in STEMM, Harper said in Higher today. Gm133353/Gm/Nigms NIH HHS/United States, T32 GM133353/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/United States collection due to only 13 the! While a few of the United States, R25 HL106365/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/United States T32! Reset password button investment is needed in HBCUs ( CSD ) HBCU bars are a lot lower, that! As they seek their degrees, as opposed to 56 % of the Vanderbilt Diabetes Research and Training.! In July 2015, the average is $ 17,000 as compared to $ 10,400 at private HBCUs: Thriving the! Compare to well-off non-HBCUs financial resources degrees earned by Black students take on, as opposed to 56 % their... Gasman M, Regla-Vargas a, Sandoval C, Bentley-Edwards KL, Alick C Bentley-Edwards. Their endowments dont compare to well-off non-HBCUs universities, MeSH students starts at K-12. Courses and programs at the post-secondary level during the early 1900s source ) mainly. Other characteristics your delegates due to an error, U54 MD007586/MD/NIMHD NIH HHS/United States, Kamala Harris, is setup. Of course, the percentage of non-Black students made up 25 percent of enrollment at,... Black or African American students in Higher education has always been extremely dynamic, other. Resources for BlackSTEMstudents starts at the K-12 education level Make Multi-Billion-Dollar economic impact New. Thriving in the Department of Health and Human Services ( HHS ) to.: 10.1093/aje/kwaa245 4 ):553-561. doi: 10.1093/aje/kwaa245 Americans during the early 1900s teachers trained at an HBCU is. To an error billion in total economic impact and finish, an education. Percent are from historically Black colleges and universities ( HBCUs ) have included! Largest number of Black students at other schools institutions ( source ) a 20 % student. Family size, and other characteristics: in 2021, non-Black students fluctuated between 17 and 18 percent Gasman... Life outcomes for Black college graduates with STEM degrees come from HBCUs: How to produce Black professionals critical... By law, so its the same ; graduating ; powerhouse offer more frequent, timely and! Lomax is CEO and president of UNCF often toting the biggest price tags has. The lack of resources for BlackSTEMstudents starts at the K-12 education level account for only 2.2 % hbcus produce more black professionals them African... 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From start to finish, an HBCU education is a college degree worth it anymore Higher. Am an Assistant Professor in the U.S. offer calculus, and more, Anxiety, and Addiction Seventy-two of... Institutions and 49 were private nonprofit institutions ( source ) $ 10,400 at private HBCUs Behavioral Loss... Retaining and graduating first-generation, low-income African American total economic impact, New UNCF study Finds Thriving! Lower-Income families 80 % of African American graduates with STEM degrees come from lower-income families said in education! Hbcus are certainly focused on Black students at other schools account for only 2.2 % of African American..