Social geography is a mental experience as well as a physical fact. 3 Statement Model Creation, Revenue Forecasting, Supporting Schedule Building, & others. For example, in numerous nations worldwide, it is now employed as an aviation lingua franca, while many international businesses also rely on it . The Silk Road which was made to encourage trade between China and the countries around the Mediterranean Sea will not only flourish the trade between these countries but at the same time also allow the exchange of culture and knowledge. The content on this website is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-No Derivatives 4.0 International License. In Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary. They are not always influential in international commerce, but their economies are broad and advanced. Patterns of production and governance are second-order structures that derive from deeper cultural and socio-psychological forces. ); one that is heterogeneous is distinctly nonuniform in at least one of these qualities. Your email address will not be published. Although clinical and methodological heterogeneity are important, this blog will be focusing on statistical heterogeneity. It is the result of particular forms and dynamics of consciousness. Further, the society wherein multiculturalism has to exist always generates a sort of fear of loss of national identity. A high P value is good news because it suggests that the heterogeneity is insignificant and that one can go ahead and summarise the results. All people cannot be assumed to be equally amenable to and desirous of increased globality in their lives. Accordingly, the term globalisation reflects increased interconnectedness in political, economic and cultural matters across the world creating a shared social space. Today, convergence theory is used to understand the effects of globalization and how it impacts different societies. Here are some examples: Multinational corporations operate on a global scale, with satellite offices and branches in numerous locations. But its supporters neglect the social forces that lie behind the creation of technological and institutional underpinnings. This is an insightful piece. On the contrary, low-income nations have taken longer to integrate into the global economy than others, partly due to their policies and partly due to causes beyond their control. Their success lies in attention to what will work in any country and what wont. Periphery countries generally refer to nations in Latin America and Africa that have unstable governments. All theories of globalization have been put hereunder in eight categories: liberalism, political realism, Marxism, constructivism, postmodernism, feminism , Trans-formationalism and eclecticism. Tolerance in the communicative culture of the educational manager . Theory of Liberalism: We cite peer reviewed academic articles wherever possible and reference our sources at the end of our articles. Thresholds for the interpretation of I can be misleading, since the importance of inconsistency depends on several factors. There are some kind of governance mechanisms. There is no need of getting sick of that. Globalization Debates: Homogeneous vs. Heterogeneous. Abstract. Colin Wayne Leach, . To most of us, globalizationas a political, economic, social, and technological forceappears all but unstoppable. Copyright 2010 www.outlookafghanistan.net - All Rights Reserved. Globalization is the free global movement of capital, people, information, technology, services, products and goods. Their contests can be overt or latent. Some other structural inequalities cannot be adequately explained as an outcome of interstate competition. Held and McGrew present a rather complicated typology of globalisation based on globalizations spread, depth, speed, and impact, as well as its impacts on infrastructure, institutions, hierarchical structures and the unevenness of development. He linked the future of the industrial system with the convergence of two systems capitalist and socialist (Mishra, 1976). Cultural homogenization is an aspect of cultural globalization, listed as one of its main characteristics, and refers to the reduction in cultural diversity through the popularization and diffusion of a wide array of cultural symbolsnot only physical objects but customs, ideas and values. There is a strong focus on internal factors within the modernisation theory so much so that they do not consider external influences as a reason for the failure or success of a certain countrys economic progress. We believe that the effects of globalization on the MDGs is creating a more homogeneous global economy and culture. Interdependence among international economies is a great starting point when seeking an understanding of globalization. It also leads from nationalism to greater pluralism and hybridity. These cookies ensure basic functionalities and security features of the website, anonymously. Once you have detected variability in your results you need to deal with it. Trade across the world has got increased because of the concept of a Letter of credit issued for a person by the bank and acts as a representative for him for a defined level of credit. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. As a result, there is a significant disparity in the population. Culture is constantly changing and developmental, which is influenced by two factors, the natural environment and the social environment. With this in mind, take a look at the graph below and decide which plot is more homogeneous. 2. Definition and Examples of Globalization Globalization is the process of increased interconnectedness among countries most notably in the areas of economics, politics, and culture. The cookie is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Other. This would be a win-win situation for the company and the employee as he struggled to get the job. Globalisation is a word that is commonly used today, but its meaning is sometimes unclear, even among people who use it. Presence of US hegemony, the West-centric cultural domination, masculinism, racism etc. This theory argues that technological, economic, and political developments lead to a convergence of social structures and cultural norms. Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. https://helpfulprofessor.com/convergence-theory-examples/. These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. Heterogeneity in aging has traditionally been represented in approaches to healthy versus pathological aging. However, this assumption ignores that different societies have unique cultural and historical backgrounds that shape their development differently (Hay & Couldry, 2011). This loss of national identity sometimes takes the form of political struggle through political platforms, while at other times it may take the form of violent measures. What is heterogeneity and is it important? Nonetheless, when there is the discussion of a multicultural society, there are some necessary safeguards against ethnocentrism and cultural relativism. Accordingly, to Marxists, globalisation happens because trans-world connectivity enhances opportunities of profit-making and surplus accumulation. It is the notion of the relative arrangement of elements rather than simply their occurrence that differentiates heterogeneity from that of diversity. They are supporting you in building you identity. It would be helpful to assert that the theories, see globalization as a process that increases either homogeneity or heterogeneity. If the same inclination towards cultural relativism is maintained it would be very difficult for todays world to form common values, laws or systems, which are very necessary to avoid clashes among the cultures and civilizations. Postmodernism, like Marxism, helps to go beyond the relatively superficial accounts of liberalist and political realist theories and expose social conditions that have favoured globalisation. They have their unique structures and traits that are not found in industrialised countries, and they will not become a core nation at a rapid pace no matter the amount of external aid received. The world of ours is embellished with variety of thoughts, feelings, perceptions and ideologies. An example of homogenization theory is George . Discover trustworthy and timely resources in American government, politics, history, public policy and current affairs. Kerrs ideas were developed further by other sociologists in the late 20th century. Globalization Research Paper. Convergence theory provides a helpful lens for studying sociological topics such as socioeconomic development, modernization, and globalization. For example, McDonald's offers vastly different menu items in different countries. Cultures are also being spread without confining to political boundaries. The hegemon state (presently the US or G7/8) maintains and defines international rules and institutions that both advance its own interests and at the same time contain conflicts between other states. In the first wave, the age of discovery (1450-1850), globalization: a) Was a benign form of cosmopolitan democracy. Definitely, immigration along with the developments in communication and transportation has made it possible for the people of different cultural backgrounds to get closer to each other, which has given rise to the concept of multiculturalism different cultures co-existing in harmony at least theoretically. In: Higgins JPT, Green S (editors). Available from www.cochrane-handbook.org. Hess, P. N. (2016). Economic growth and sustainable development. Jan Art Scholte synthesises them as forces of production, governance, identity, and knowledge. Moreover, the spread of brands like Coca-Cola, MacDonald's, Walmart, KFC, and Apple to third world countries is an example of modern cultural imperialism. Thank you so much. The influence of Jan Tinbergen on Dutch economic policy. Definitely, it is time consuming and yet there is a long way to go to achieve it. Convergence theory often overlooks the role of power and inequality in shaping social change. Mishra, R. (1976). These identities have many international qualities visualised in global diasporas and other group affiliations based on age, class, gender, race, religious faith and sexual orientations. For instance, the Internet enables the homogenizing force of English as the world's common language. A global partnership will simultaneously create a connection between countries and allow countries to learn from each other. Following this, they were able to become the price maker. It is concerned with tracking the paths taken by the various cultural flows that crisscross the globe, as well as with exploring the experiences of people as more of their everyday lives become contingent on globally extensive social relations. Do primary healthcare workers using decisionsupport tools via mobile devices give better quality care? The term, a linguistic hybrid of globalization and localization, was popularized by the sociologist Roland Robertson and coined, according to him, by Japanese economists to explain Japanese global marketing strategies. This idea presumes that all societies will progress towards the same goal, regardless of any distinctions in economic standings or governmental systems. Among those who predict increasing cultural homogeneity as a result of globalization, some believe that divisive identity politics will not survive the increased interdependence brought about by a global culture. They have, like nationalism, their autonomy. In the mid-1960s, American sociologist Clark Kerr introduced a groundbreaking concept the theory of convergence. This occurs not because they are at a lower stage of development, but because they have been absorbed into the global system as an underdeveloped country. c) Was decisively shaped by European expansion and conquest. The homogenizing forces are as strong as the heterogenizing forces. Confusion of how globalisation can bring juxtaposing notions of homogeneity and heterogeneity simultaneously is understood by the fact that whilst global commodities might be Wood-Wallace, D (2009) 'Globalisation, Homogeneity and . Over time, such a convergence of diverse social groups could lead to a unified global society with greater uniformity amongst its members. are not reducible to class dynamics within capitalism. Kerr believed that this process was being driven by changes in technology, communication, and transportation that allowed for increased international trade and collaboration. Each one of them carries several variations. On the other hand this is going to strengthen the phenomenon of ethnocentrism. By investigating these differences, you can reach a much greater understanding of what factors influence the intervention, and what result you can expect next time the intervention is implemented. In expanding social relations, people explore their class, their gender, their nationality, their race, their religious faith and other aspects of their being. All theories of globalization have been put hereunder in eight categories: liberalism, political realism, Marxism, constructivism, postmodernism, feminism , Trans-formationalism and eclecticism. The cookies is used to store the user consent for the cookies in the category "Necessary". Comparative Studies in Society and History,18(1), 2856. Each show different types of examples of globalization. Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. It asserted that societies around the globe were continuously becoming more and more alike despite diverse cultural backgrounds (Brubaker, 2022). Among them acceptability is one of the most important ones. Required fields are marked *. For a valid explanation, interconnection between ideational and material forces is not enough. Homogeneity and heterogeneity are two theories that attempt to explain the effects of globalization on cultural identity and diversity. They have the edge of adopting global demand. References Globalization. Convergence theory tends to oversimplify the complex social, economic, and political processes that shape social change. Critical theory describes the mediations between different phenomena, There are various other examples, which shows that globalization exists in various areas. It has a long tradition of adapting the needs of the global market. convergence theory is the idea that as rich countries got richer, they developed similar economic, political, and social structures and to some extent common values and beliefs (p. 3). 20 pages), an outline, and a bibliography with 45 sources. Multiculturalism definitely depicts and demands higher human values, but it is difficult to manage. 2017 PoliticalScienceNotes - All rights reserved, Inevitability Bogey Dismissed by Petras and Veltmeyer. As such, transplanetary connectivity is derived from human drives to maximise material well-being and to exercise basic freedoms. They concentrate on the activities of Great Britain, China, France, Japan, the USA and some other large states. Similarly, they overlook the phenomenon of power. The essay is a critique of the third of these waves and its relationship with the second wave. He is the former editor of the Journal of Learning Development in Higher Education and holds a PhD in Education from ACU. However, maintaining the same variety, the challenge for the current phase of human evolution is to co-exist with harmony and peace. Your email address will not be published. The growing economic disparity between high-income and low-income nations is a cause for concern. The globalization process that has been expected to bring people together has not been able to maintain a harmonious multi-cultural world. According to them states are inherently acquisitive and self-serving, and heading for inevitable competition of power. Marxists reject both liberalist and political realist explanations of globalisation. London: Abingdon. All other theories have identified the dynamics behind the rise of trans-planetary and supra-territorial connectivity in technology, state, capital, identity and the like. SAGE Skills That is what forms his\her personality. Furthermore, it disregards the fact that many societies may move in different directions, with some populations more likely to experience advantages from convergence than others. , modernization, and heading for inevitable competition of power heterogeneity theory of globalization examples inequality in shaping change... User consent for the interpretation of I can be misleading, since importance. 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