Radiolab is supported by Casper. And so, Satan basically systematically destroys Job's life, takes away his wife, his children, all his material possessions. We encounter a man who scrambles our notions of good and evil, turn to one of the most famous (and misunderstood) psychology experiments ever, talk to a man who chased one of the most prolific . He actually was very humiliated, uh, that Germany had lost. Right. You know, uh, "I'm going to kill her.". Stanley Milgram took electric shock very seriously. Literally disappeared for six months and didn't tell anyone where she was because she was terrified that he was going to kill her. Uh, generates electric shocks. I thought about grabbing a knife quickly and stabbing him in the chest repeatedly until he was dead. So, in the end where do you come down? And so, Gary starts going through this narrative of what he did to Carol. I'm starting to feel a little bit better about my fellow man. So wait. Ear drums, God. And in the trial, when the prosecutors, essentially, ask him how you came to commit genocide he would say, over and over again-. He said, "Look, this is what you're going to do is of course you don't want to do this. And the infinity of gray spaces in between. Let me- let me jump just, uh, a quote in front of me. These are people who are incredibly noble, they are. I'm not going to help restore the sense that there is a moral order to the world and a moral norm. Terms and conditions apply. In those days if you're a convicted male felon, you are strung up, but you're not allowed to hang until you die; you're cut down before then. So, wait, if it doesn't show that people are just obeying orders-. I mean, it's the fact that of course that they're administering main to a strange. The time now is 08:36 hours. He had an experimenter who wasn't a scientist, but was a member of the general public. This is what's driving the world towards 10, 12, by 2050. Our frenemy, uh, Fritz Haber. So, around the turn of the century for German scientists like Haber, this was the challenge. And actually, this wasn't just the German thing. Because Haber figured out a way to take nitrogen from the air, put it into the barren ground and grew wheat. In December of 2001, my father and his colleagues-. In front of this really impressive looking machine. With higher and higher voltage. If you breathed it in, it sort of irritates your lungs to the extent that they sort of fills up with fluid so quickly that you sort of drowning in your own phlegm. Trivalent. Would you really think that this guy's a good guy? I would say in a powerful mood; we're close to some really fundamental truths about human nature. Necrophilia. He is- he wants to feed- he wants to feed Germany. What you know you know. And so, I ex- expanded the sample where we asked about 5000 people. Really? I was just astonished. "Research in any field is a must, particularly in this day and age." One of the reasons it grows, is because it's sucking up all the nitrogen in the soil. They've got a very plausible, very credible, high status scientist at high status scientific institution. The- the last time she- she was in a hurry. One of the reasons it grows is because it's sucking up all the nitrogen in the soil. It just that-, Yeah. Hi, my name is Josh, and I'm calling from Harlem, New York. So, the subject seemed willing to shock another human being, but as soon as you say it's an order. He is a solder, he works for a general, the general's name is Othello. Meaning, I mean, what- what- any idea what was in his mind? 2K views almost 2 years ago 48:23 Love it or hate it, the freedom to say obnoxious and subversive things is the quintessence of what makes America America. Just a little glimmer. Why did you do this?" Listen Now. That's Stanley Milgram talking about the experiment in a film in case you've never heard of this. "Why did you inflict all this suffering on them, on us? There's a pause and my father just says. It is a, the- the critical- the critical force prod. When you press one of these switches all the way down, the learner gets a shock. ", He actually threw a dinner party in celebration-. Literally disappeared for six months, and didn't tell anyone where she was because she was terrified that he was going to kill her. "This was a moment in German history," he says, "When Jews had a decent amount of freedom.". His was the first generation when a young Jewish boy could truly imagine that he could just be a regular part of that society. Visit our website. It's about how far would these people go. Our food source then moves into our bodies. Uh, he was doing his- his great science work right around the turn of, uh, the 20th century. And everyone thought, "Well, we know the solution.". And also, thank you to Alex Haslam, Professor of Psychology at the University of Exeter. I'm going to give you a little, uh (laughing). But this is why this is such an interesting guy, around the same time, officials in the U.S. government are calling him a war criminal. Imagine how it feels to have an award-winning team by your side through the mortgage process. He even schemes against his own wife. I'm going to resign.". Sixty-five percent-, To shock their fellow citizens, over and over again-. Our- our friend. Let's just finish this. Terrestrials: A New Kids Show from Radiolab. Here's what he did. And I used to socialize with him and- and his wife. Haber's gas troops, uh, un- unscrewed, they opened the valves on almost 6000 tanks containing a 150 tons of chlorine. When did he live, and what did he look and that kind of stuff? And he is basically homeless at this point. He would have each subject sit down at a table. James Shapiro, Professor of English at Columbia University. Bread from the air was the phrase 'cause Haber had figured out a way to take nitrogen from the air, put it into the barren ground, and grow wheat. Okay. Um, "Demand me nothing. Maybe it's all about doubt in the end. no one has ever said about a sex tape that I've ever you know. And in this one you get 0% going all the way. He would say over and over again. Cruelty, violence, badness in this episode we begin with a chilling statistic: 91% of men, and 84% of women, have fantasized about killing someone. And I was just astonished-. Just a little glimmer. In Seattle today a man called the Green River killer-. Uh, and he finds her actually still alive with her life running out of her. Listen Infective Heredity. It's a pretty big thing to miss (laughs) isn't it? Well, Sam, what happened to this guy after World War I? But what you're doing is for the good of Germany, and this is necessary in order to advance our noble cause.". Right now get $50 towards select mattresses by visiting casper.com/radiolab and using Code Radiolab at checkout. Suspected that it could be upwards of 75. Haber, it's unknown what happens for the rest of the evening, but it is a well documented fact that the very next morning-. Let's begin with this story from our producer Pat Walters. I liked her. And it's kind of surprising. I'm almost done, guys. It was developed in his Institute. Yeah, me too. You went through this a lot of times before and she's already told you she's in a hurry. Tell us anything about [inaudible 00:58:03]-. I think they have to be extreme in the extreme. That's what's horrifying about it, but imagine they were administering pain to themselves. I- I know it was more than [inaudible 00:59:44]. Now that's important, it's very important. Copyright 2019 New York Public Radio. We'll basically bring it to the front, and when the wind is right, we'll just spray it. And not just because he was vain, which everyone agrees he was, but because he loves his country. He was trying to repeat this master stroke. Hey, I'm Jad Abumrad. ", "Set deadly enmity between two friends make poor men's cattle break their necks, set fire on barns and haystacks in the night, and bid the owners quench, you quench with their tears. The subjects are 40 males between the ages of 20 and 50. 10s, 10, 15, 20 times. How many times would they shock that sad-. And as he was in the kitchen, looking stupid, peeling the carrots to make salad, I came up to him laughingly, gently, so that he wouldn't suspect anything. Oft have I digged up dead men from their graves and sit them up right at the dear friend's door. I just needed to kill her." But did it, publicly, in front of her friends. Well, we're trying to think about what goes on in the mind of a bad person. And did you go back to the party then and continue dinner partying for a while? Only then does God speak up and kind of say like, "You're going to question me? And then, realized that he had to leave the house or he was going to do damage to her. Did members of Haber's family die in the concentration camp? They're trying to do the right thing. Even when their sorrows almost were forgot, and on their skins is on the bark of trees, have written my life with my knife carved in Roman letters. What makes a bad person so bad that he's different from the rest of us? Times. But it wasn't until a few years later that he learned something that really put what happened that night into context. They reached back to the shelf and they find this Zyklon stuff. If the experiment had to be successful, it had to be carried on.". He didn't really want to cop to everything that he did. She was one of the first women to earn a PhD in her country. It's 0924 hours on June 17th, year 2003. What follows is this ongoing conversation between Job and his friends about why does this happen? RadioLab is supported by Rocket Mortgage by Quicken Loans. We'll be right back [inaudible 00:31:42], let's just finish this series. Yes. The expectation is somebody is made to make his peace with his maker before he dies. Each answer just begs another why. And then, walks away from his child and his wife dead in the garden and says-. I mean, that was make believe. What does it actually mean to be bad anyways? Okay, well actually the one thing that the study really doesn't show is that people obey orders. Well I mean, I know it does, sir. Which is a- a fairly small, you know, a small sort of town. But 75% of the people who worked for him at the institute, they were Jewish. Now, of course you could find some nitrogen out in the world. And now that we're sort of just on the other side of that. He had snapped. New York Public Radio transcripts are created on a rush deadline, often by contractors. It was about how far would these people go? If I don't leave my house right now, I'm going to kill her." Any time the experimenter said, "You must continue" the shocker would say, "Hell no, I don't.". Well the thing that haunts me about the why question is that I'm reminded of one of the oldest stories in the Bible, which is the story of Job. But if looked at from another perspective, there is a sense in which you could celebrate what they're doing. Um, could you just- just tell me, uh, the little story that you begin your book with? Gary is dancing around this topic, Gary had denied this to his own lawyers. It is still trotted out to explain everything from hazing to war crimes. Even now. Well what is something's happened, the man had an attack or something there? And that's what Shakespeare did in all his plays. In graphic detail. Radiolab is supported in part by the Alfred P Sloan Foundation enhancing public understanding of science and technology in the modern world. He's chomping on a Virginian cigar. We were just enacting an old, very famous experiment that you may have heard about. And my father was recruited to the task force. And one of the first acts that the Nazis do is to-, That says, "There shall be no Jews in the civil service. Uh, Haber it's unknown what happened for the rest of that evening, but it is a well-documented fact that the very next morning. And to this day, they have not talked about that day, and he hasn't talked about it with anyone until I interviewed him for the book. But he does it with a kind of amoral athleticism, he does it without humility, without a lot of doubt. When you call someone, "Evil." So if you have kids in the room, maybe this is a time to tell them to go brush their teeth or something. I'm going to resign.". He refuses what we fully expect and what everybody on stage at that moment fully expects from him. Yeah, well. And that tonnages then moves into our food source, our food source then moves into our bodies, and the rough statistics are that half of each of our bodies contains nitrogen from the Haber process. Well, if you dressed it up, and if you had some minor vairance in the paradigm, you could presumable, you know, make- make this up. But we thought we would- we would play this show, uh, about a little bit of bad that is in all of us. So, it's very-. Hey wait! Radiolab for Kids Presents: Terrestrials A show where we uncover the strangeness right here on Earth Romeo y Julieta A World Premiere Bilingual Audio Play. The whole thing happened serveral years ago. There's lots and lots of lessons here, but one is I think when you're enjoying to do something for the greater good, maybe ask yourself the question, "What is greater, and what is good?". Little, uh, the general public trotted out to explain everything from hazing to crimes! 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