All the respondents mentioned that they made a popular beverage from T. indica fruit pulp (Table3). Direct observation and measurement were used to assess silvicultural practices and T. indica/crop combinations. Website Take me there. The girth of the tree, measured at a height of 1.20 m, is 2.49 m (Jan 31, 2016, Wim Brinkerink).Its height is exactly 7.20 m (Jan 31, 2016, Laser with Two-point measurement (e.g. An eternity passed before he came to the foot of the tree. The yellow flowers are borne in small clusters. Beliefs, taboos and superstitions were observed to be an intrinsic part of the IK of the communities in the study areas. Joy Of Sharing Watch on They went before him. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Local manufacture of limestone is an important economic activity in the areas surrounding Tororo Cement factory in Tororo district which has increased the demand for woodfuel. Processing of tamarind was mostly done by women and children since it is women who usually prepare family meals. In the words of one respondent: Planting a tamarind tree is pointless since one cannot live long enough to eat its fruit. It lies at an altitude of between 1097 and 1219m above sea level [16]. Accessed from: www.worldagroforestry.org/downloads/publications/PDFS/b09383.pdf. If ghosts really did exist! Checking the soil of the plant is always an ideal practice to avoid overwatering. Lets forget all this and go back home., We were foolish to allow you to do this. Im coming down., As soon as he began to climb down, he saw, through his tears, his whole village. They went alongside him. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative. The coolness under a tamarind tree however feels different than the shade of other trees, even those in the same proximity. Figure3 shows details of 15 observed T. indica/other trees/crop combinations and their frequencies. The tree grows to about 24 metres (80 feet) tall and bears alternate, pinnately compound (feather-formed) leaves with leaflets that are about 2 cm (0.75 inch) long. Identification and promotion of appropriate technology for processing tamarind products such as seeds and fibres that are currently wasted needs to be encouraged. The tamarind tree produces a natural air conditioning. Government of Uganda. Will M. Promoting value chains of neglected and underutilized species for pro-poor growth and biodiversity conservation. A modified form of snow-ball sampling was used to select respondents for key informant interviews [20, 21]. His friends admiration was matched only by their terror. The low percentage of planting (45%) coupled with excessive cutting, low monetary value attached to T. indica products and competing landuses especially where population density is high, remain major challenges to its conservation. Tamarind pulp and seed can be used as alternative sources of nutrients to alleviate malnutrition and improve nutritional status in humans and animals [31, 32]. The tree is also grown as an ornamental, and the wood is used in carpentry. To certain Burmese, the tree represents the dwelling-place . Indigenous knowledge and uses concurred with scientifically proven nutritional and medicinal attributes of T. indica in literature which is significant given current trends towards affordable functional foods. These findings are in agreement with the views of Nyadoi, [33] who proposes conservation of T. indica with other ecologically compatible-economically important tree species as a strategy for ensuring sustainable raw material supply for developing tree products industry. Peel the pieces of shell back to expose the pulp which surrounds smooth seeds and is held together with a few fibers extending from the stalk. Tamarinds can be very sour and I grimaced slightly when taking the first bite. There is also need to explore ways of increasing earnings from T. indica. A violent emotion gripped him. Ethical clearance was obtained from the Ethical Review Board of the College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University. Creative Resources Systems; 1987 p. 11521. Ambio. This characteristic was reported by 53% of the respondents as the major reason for tamarinds popularity in compounds and homegardens. This probably points to the close relationship between culture and T. indica in these communities. Whats this piercing heat on my neck? He threw his hammer towards the ground; it bounced off several branches. The leaves, beans, bark, and wood of the tamarind tree have a wide variety of uses. Tamarind fruit was eaten as snack by almost all the respondents (98.33% citation). Did they all go and leave me to my fate?, He searched in the darkness. This is a reflection of competing landuses especially in urban areas. Bolder thinking for conservation. However fruits for sale were picked directly from trees to avoid contamination with soil as buyers would not accept visibly contaminated fruit. Trees were mainly sold to operators of limestone kilns and brick makers. The wood is sometimes used to make furniture and wood flooring. Planting of T. indica was not commonly practiced by women since they owned neither land nor the trees thereon. Youth in rural areas were more interested in earning an income from tamarind products. If you are confident you know what the tamarind tree and their fruit look like you might pick some tamarinds right from a tree. Beliefs, taboos and superstitions were observed to be an intrinsic part of the IK of the communities in the study areas. Tamarind seedlings were not accorded any form of protection, and were reportedly often destroyed by livestock. Hell never agree to turn around. Andhra Pradesh has even Tamarind leaves added in boiled pigeon peas. At the end of the path, the cemetery appeared immense like an ocean. Sixty households in total were selected for semi-structured interviews, a minimum of four and a maximum of nine households per subcounty. Scattered in bars, coffee shop and restaurants, a 25-minute walk from Kenyatta Local Market, the comfortable Tamarind Tree Hotel Nairobi comprises 160 rooms. Respondents reported fruit and whole trees as the most commonly sold tamarind products. DJK participated in write up. But what was he to do in the meantime? Your support is crucial: India needs independent media and independent media needs you. As would be expected it is cooler in the shade. Its not wise, his friends suggested, moved in spite of themselves by the mournful atmosphere of the cemetery, unfolding before them like a white carpet dotted with silvery folds. Dont bother them. It is not necessary to try and pull the fibers back as they help hold everything together and the seeds slip away from the fibers easily. 1996. http://www.crfg.org/pubs/ff. Some African tribes venerate the tamarind tree as sacred. Econ Bot. In the words of one respondent: Only the rich can afford to fell a tamarind tree so we sell at a giveaway price. Do I climb up? doi:10.5455/jice.20130809114525. The dare of an idle young boy. The authors are grateful to Kyambogo University for granting study leave to EEO. We hypothesized that the indigenous people of Eastern Uganda have used T. indica for generations and developed practices that promote its conservation and therefore we expected that they possess an elaborate indigenous knowledge (IK) system and that most of them have planted the species. 1993; 22:2/3 Biodiversity: Ecology, Economics, Policy. CAS A cross-sectional survey was carried out between October 2010 and February 2011 in Tororo and Butaleja districts, purposively selected on the basis of being among Ugandan districts within the T. indica natural range [13] and with a high poverty index [17, 18]. To 'Whosoever' searching for True Love How to feel Better when nothing else works? Large amounts for sale had to be purchased from tree owners, collected from ones own trees or from communal land. Restaurants. The bark was most often accessed from the ground. No plant voucher specimens were collected as this study was based on only one plant species, Tamarindus indica L., easily identifiable by all researchers. Table3 is a summary of frequency citation of T. indica uses. Respondents in Butaleja district did not report selling any tamarind product. He was barely able to grab another to carry his weight and his fear. Leaving already? Dey S, Swamp D, Anju S, Ananya D. In vivo efficacy of Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) fruit extract on experimental fluoride exposure in rats. 1997. While the importance of indigenous knowledge (IK) for conservation of ecosystems is widely recognized, documentation about its role in the conservation of T. indica in Uganda is very scanty. Noss et al. We appreciate your anticipation of our new vision. PubMed It is highly acid, contains 30% - 40% sugar and has high vitamin C and excellent keeping qualities. The more he looked at it, the taller it seemed to grow. Tamarind trees have stout trunks and spreading canopies . 2002 Uganda Population and Housing Census Annex 3. 2005. http://www.beesfordevelopment.org. Being hardy, T. indica often survived the abuse leaving a charred or holed stem as evidence of past funeral activities. This can be attributed to its high calorific value which is estimated at 5000 cal per kg [7, 9]. While majority of urban youth despised consumption of tamarind, rural youth were more interested in earning an income from selling T. indica products. 2012. p. 3083161. Separate focus group discussions were held with men, women and children to allow for freedom of expression and bring out any differences in views due to gender or age. Lets go home!. Look for fruit stands or for make shift tamarind stands, usually just a small table with a dozen or more bunches of the small brown fruit. We lost the bet. Tamarind Tree Provincial Vietnamese Restaurant. All these superstition have to be left behind because Indian Cooking has tamarind pulp or juice added up in various dishes. And its arms stretched longer as he stared. A Tropical Fruit with Health Benefits, tamarind - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Aengwanich W, Suttajit M, Srikhun T, Boonsorn T. Antibiotic effect of Polyphenolic compound extracted from tamarind (Tamarindus indica L) seed coat on productive performance of broilers. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Available from: https://learningstore.uwex.edu/Assets/pdfs/G3658-12.pdf. The tamarind with the most branches cut is obviously the part of the cemetery to avoid. What? His legend would be as tall as that rotten tree. According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. Katende AB, Birnie A, Tengnas B. Admitting youre afraid? According to popular belief, both are home to spirits and ghosts. De Caluw E, Halamov K, Van Damme P. Tamarind (Tamarindus indica L.): a review of traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacology in African natural plant products: new discoveries and challenges in chemistry and quality. You are confident you know what the tamarind tree and their frequencies to operators of limestone kilns and brick.... Different than the shade of other trees, even those in the study areas contains 30 % 40. In carpentry the bark was most often accessed from the ethical Review Board the. 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