Lead(II,IV) oxide - Wikipedia Therefore, an alternative method is to use harder substrates, such as titanium, niobium, tantalum or graphite and deposit PbO2 onto them from lead(II) nitrate in static or flowing nitric acid. If the heating occurs in presence of air, the compounds decomposes to give the monoxide and the sulfate. Required fields are marked *. As a solid, lead dioxide forms a dark brown powder that is odorless and insoluble in water, with a melting . lead dioxide anodes were used for the production of glyoxylic acid from oxalic acid in a sulfuric acid electrolyte. | OPb | CID 159385 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological . It is a dense, soft metal that is very resistant to corrosion and poorly conductive compared to other metals. The best-known compounds are the two simplest plumbane derivatives: tetramethyllead (TML) and tetraethyllead (TEL); however, the homologs of these, as well as hexaethyldilead (HEDL), are of lesser stability. PbO2 exists in two crystalline forms. PbO Solutions are packaged in polypropylene, plastic or glass jars up to palletized 440 gallon liquid totes, and 36,000 lb. Long-term contact with lead(II,IV) oxide may lead to accumulation of lead compounds in organisms, with development of symptoms of acute lead poisoning. Studies the effects of ultrasonic irradiation and dielectric constants of solvents on formation of lead(II) supramolecular polymer; new precursors for synthesis of lead(II) oxide nanoparticles. Lead dioxide, known also as lead peroxide, lead brown, lead oxide brown, and lead (IV) oxide (PbO (2)), is a very strong oxidizer and may react violently with reducing agents. , PB2-OX-03-C Other less dominant applications include the vulcanization of rubber and the production of certain pigments and paints. Typical bulk packaging includes palletized plastic 5 gallon/25 kg. Lead Oxide mineral data, information about Lead Oxide, its properties and worldwide locations. Lead oxide (Pb3O4) | O4Pb3 | CID 22833428 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities . Keep unprotected persons away.Ensure adequate ventilationEnvironmental precautions: Do not allow product to enter drains, sewage systems, or other water courses.Methods and materials for containment and cleanup:Dispose of contaminated material as waste according to section 13.Ensure adequate ventilation.Prevention of secondary hazards: No special measures required.Reference to other sectionsSee Section 7 for information on safe handlingSee Section 8 for information on personal protection equipment.See Section 13 for disposal information. Then the metallic cation changes from having a positive charge to . This page was last edited on 8 January 2023, at 17:53. Lead oxide contains the cation Pb +2, and the oxide anion O-2. Lead(II,IV) oxide was shown to be carcinogenic for laboratory animals. PENOX Group is one of the worlds largest producers of lead oxides, with a clear focus to serve the lead-acid battery sector. Lead oxide (PbO), lead-contg. | OPb - PubChem It affects gum tissue, the central nervous system, the kidneys, the blood, and the reproductive system. Additional information about design of technical systems:Properly operating chemical fume hood designed for hazardous chemicals and having an average face velocity of at least 100 feet per minute.Control parametersComponents with limit values that require monitoring at the workplace:1317-36-8 Lead(II) oxide (100.0%)PEL (USA) Long-term value: 0.05 mg/m3as Pb; See 29 CFR 1910.1025REL (USA) Long-term value: 0.05* mg/m3as Pb;*8-hr TWA; See Pocket Guide App. Product Number: All applicable American Elements product codes, e.g. Registered Trademark. If you have a polyatomic ion, use the Common Ion table to find the formula and charge.3. Both were poisonous compounds. Lead(II) forms a series of complexes with chloride, the formation of which alters the corrosion chemistry of the lead. tanker trucks. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. The pH of the solution is 4.5, as above that, Pb2+ concentration can never reach 0.1M due to the formation of Pb(OH)2. [6], Lead dioxide is used as an anode material in electrochemistry. Melting point. Lead dioxide exists in two major polymorphs, they are alpha and beta, which occur naturally as rare minerals scrutinyite and plattnerite. It decomposes when it is heated in air. Lead dioxide is an amphoteric compound with prevalent acidic properties. [16], The consumption of lead, and hence the processing of PbO, correlates with the number of automobiles, because it remains the key component of automotive leadacid batteries.[17]. pails, fiber and steel drums to 1 ton super sacks in full container (FCL) or truck load (T/L) quantities. PbO is representative of lead's +2 oxidation state. It can bioaccumulate in plants and in mammals.[19]. How to Write the Formula for Lead (II) oxide - YouTube The sulfide is transferred to the oxide at a temperature of about 1,000 C (1,800 F): Lead oxide, red MSDS Section 1: Chemical Product and Company Identification Product Name: Lead oxide, red Catalog Codes: SLL1279 CAS#: 1314-41-6 RTECS: OG5425000 TSCA: TSCA 8(b) inventory: Lead oxide, red CI#: Not available. 0000001661 00000 n Pb %%EOF [8], Lead dioxide is produced commercially by several methods, which include oxidation of red lead (Pb3O4) in alkaline slurry in a chlorine atmosphere,[6] reaction of lead(II) acetate with "chloride of lime" (calcium hypochlorite),[9][10] The reaction of Pb3O4 with nitric acid also affords the dioxide:[2][11]. %PDF-1.4 % It dissolves in nitric acid with the evolution of nitric oxide gas to form dissolved Pb(NO3)2. What Is Red Oxide Paint? | Sciencing This procedure is used for large-scale industrial production of PbO2 anodes. In this video we'll write the correct formula for Lead (II) oxide, PbO.To write the formula for Lead (II) oxide we'll use the Periodic Table and follow some . cm and which is exploited in various electrochemical applications. It is also called lead dioxide, anhydrous Plumbic acid, or Plumbic oxide. Lead Oxide - Florida State University By the 1770s the use of white paint was general, and a positive electrode of lead oxide (PbO2). It is particularly stable in alkaline solutions. The alpha allotrope is rhombohedral, and the beta allotrope is tetragonal. Pb?O? 0000005903 00000 n 3 Pb + 8 H + + 8 NO 3 3 Pb 2+ + 6 NO . The electrodeposition of lead is best effected from aqueous solutions containing lead hexafluorosilicate and . Its chemical formula is PbO 2 . Research and sample quantities and hygroscopic, oxidizing or other air sensitive materials may be packaged under argon or vacuum. No coordinated lead fluorides exist (except the unstable PbF+ cation). A mixture of PbO with glycerine sets to a hard, waterproof cement that has been used to join the flat glass sides and bottoms of aquariums, and was also once used to seal glass panels in window frames. ToxicityAquatic toxicity: No data availablePersistence and degradability No data availableBioaccumulative potential No data availableMobility in soil No data availableEcotoxical effects:Remark: Very toxic for aquatic organismsAdditional ecological information:Do not allow product to reach groundwater, water courses, or sewage systems, even in small quantities.Danger to drinking water if even extremely small quantities leak into the ground.Also poisonous for fish and plankton in water bodies.May cause long lasting harmful effects to aquatic life.Avoid transfer into the environment.Very toxic for aquatic organismsResults of PBT and vPvB assessmentPBT: N/AvPvB: N/AOther adverse effects No data available. It is widely used in explosives, matches, and electrodes. Simultaneous detection and determination of mercury (II) and lead (II) ions through the achievement of novel functional nucleic acid-based biosensors. Chronic poisoning displays as agitation, irritability, vision disorders, hypertension, and a grayish facial hue. Solubility. Lead and copper electrodes are immersed in sulfuric acid flowing at a rate of 510L/min. With the widespread use of cosmetics, it was noticed that paler faces were easier to see in dim light. During thermal oxidation of lead, first a PbO layer forms on the metal surface, followed by an oxidation reaction that proceeds via a solid . Lead Oxide. It finds limited use in some amateur pyrotechnics as a delay charge and was used in the past in the manufacture of dragon's egg pyrotechnic stars. It is also called lead dioxide, anhydrous Plumbic acid, or Plumbic oxide. From: Encyclopedia of Analytical Science (Second Edition), 2005. It is soluble in nitric and acetic acids, from which solutions it is possible to precipitate halide, sulfate, chromate, carbonate (PbCO3), and basic carbonate (Pb3(OH)2(CO3)2) salts of lead. 0000001219 00000 n It is an amphoteric oxide. Ever more sophisticated battery manufacturing processes require PENOX to meet higher demands in terms of the oxide physio-chemical characteristics . It is a dark-brown solid which is insoluble in water.Lead dioxide. Lead oxide powder, 99.99% trace metals basis; CAS Number: 1314-41-6; EC Number: 215-235-6; Synonyms: Lead oxide, red,Lead(II,IV) oxide,Minium; Linear Formula: Pb3O4; find Sigma-Aldrich-577847 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Sigma-Aldrich. 0000001319 00000 n Taking great care, remove the Bunsen flame from underneath the crucible, then use tongs to remove the lid and lift the crucible off the tripod. Lead(IV) oxide - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia The red and yellow forms of this material are related by a small change in enthalpy: PbO is amphoteric, which means that it reacts with both acids and with bases. $/7r~^bSs| Heating lead carbonate with hydrogen fluoride yields the hydrofluoride, which decomposes to the difluoride when it melts. Anglesite, cerussite, and minim are other common lead containing minerals. Red lead is virtually insoluble in water and in ethanol. [2], Lead(II,IV) oxide has a tetragonal crystal structure at room temperature, which then transforms to an orthorhombic (Pearson symbol oP28, Space group Pbam, No. It is a component of lead paints. 3 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10. Lead (IV) oxide is the compound with an oxidation state of +4, which appears as dark-brown solid which is insoluble in water. LEAD(II) OXIDE: ICSC: 0288 (August 2002): Lead monoxide Plumbous oxide Lead protoxide Litharge Their solubility increases with temperature; adding more halides first decreases the solubility, but then increases due to complexation, with the maximum coordination number being 6. It does not represent any guarantee of the properties of the product. In electricity: Electromotive force. Preparation of MnO2-modified graphite sorbents from spent Li-ion batteries for lead, cadmium and silver contaminated water treatment. Lead dioxide electrodes have a dual action, that is both the lead and oxygen ions take part in the electrochemical reactions. The compounds dissolve in nitric and hydrochloric acids, to give elemental sulfur and hydrogen sulfide, respectively. hydroxy plumbate ion, [Pb(OH). Red lead has been used as a pigment for primer paints for iron objects. With acids, it forms salts of Pb2+ via the intermediacy of oxo clusters such as [Pb6O(OH)6]4+. 0000005392 00000 n This article is about compounds of the element lead. In its elemental form, lead has a metallic gray appearance. It dissolves in dilute nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, oxalic acid, etc. Metallic lead is attacked (oxidized) only superficially by air, forming a thin layer of lead oxide that protects it from further oxidation. It is composed of lead in its +4 oxidation state. Personal precautions, protective equipment and emergency proceduresUse personal protective equipment. Both the lead and lead oxide are in a solution of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and water (H2O). PbO2 is an oxide where the oxidation state of lead is +4 with the chemical name Lead (IV) oxide. 0000005582 00000 n An example is heating PbO with mild organic reducing agents such as glucose. Beside litharge powder PENOX GmbH in Germany is also able to produce granulated litharge mainly for glass application such as lead crystal, X-ray protection and glass fibres. Shipping documentation includes a Certificate of Analysis and Safety Data Sheet (SDS). Red lead is used as a curing agent in some polychloroprene rubber compounds. The alpha allotrope is red-colored and has the PbO distance of 230pm; the beta allotrope is yellow-colored and has the PbO distance of 221 and 249pm (due to asymmetry). The substrate is usually sand-blasted before the deposition to remove surface oxide and contamination and to increase the surface roughness and adhesion of the coating. At 580C, the reaction is complete. Safety, health and environmental regulations/legislation specific for the substance or mixtureGHS label elements, including precautionary statementsHazard pictogramsGHS07 GHS08Signal word DangerHazard statementsH302+H332 Harmful if swallowed or if inhaled.H360 May damage fertility or the unborn child.H373 May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure.Precautionary statementsP260 Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.P261 Avoid breathing dust/fume/gas/mist/vapors/spray.P281 Use personal protective equipment as required.P304+P340 IF INHALED: Remove person to fresh air and keep comfortable for breathing.P405 Store locked up.P501 Dispose of contents/container in accordance with local/regional/national/international regulations.National regulationsAll components of this product are listed in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Toxic Substances Control Act Chemical substance Inventory.All components of this product are listed on the Canadian Domestic Substances List (DSL).SARA Section 313 (specific toxic chemical listings)1317-36-8 Lead(II) oxideCalifornia Proposition 65Prop 65 - Chemicals known to cause cancer1317-36-8 Lead(II) oxideProp 65 - Developmental toxicity Substance is not listed.Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, female Substance is not listed.Prop 65 - Developmental toxicity, male Substance is not listed.Information about limitation of use: For use only by technically qualified individuals.Other regulations, limitations and prohibitive regulationsSubstance of Very High Concern (SVHC) according to the REACH Regulations (EC) No. The metal is not attacked by sulfuric or hydrochloric acids. [14] They also decompose upon sunlight or UV-light. Lead Oxide. PbO - YouTube Lead oxide may be fatal if swallowed or inhaled. Lead oxide can occur as a transition form in oxidation/reduction process of the PbO2 /Pb (II) couple. 0000005300 00000 n 4 [7] Heating mixtures of the monoxide and the sulfide forms the metal.[2]. The pyramidal nature indicates the presence of a stereochemically active lone pair of electrons. It is considered to be a carcinogen. Compounds of lead exist with lead in two main oxidation states: +2 and +4. R2k/xG _F{Dn=+i2~EC/ sb"au;A0%k fX$;TU6y5Te`j -9wN!g{&y"7=XM:V]]GXe:n*oby-EJLnoa-zyS1}U%O{Cv",Rn'u& Safety Data Sheet for Lead (II) oxide 107401. Write the symbol and charge for the transition metal. The bromide and iodide of lead(IV) are not known to exist. PDF AP-42, CH 12.16: Lead Oxide And Pigment Production - US EPA 12.16 Lead Oxide And Pigment Production 12.16.1 General1-2,7 Lead oxide is a general term and can be either lead monoxide or "litharge" (PbO); lead tetroxide or "red lead" (Pb3O4); or black or "gray" oxide which is a mixture of 70 percent lead monoxide and 30 percent metallic lead. The meaning of LEAD OXIDE is any of several oxides of lead; especially : lead monoxide. See reverse side of invoice or packing slip for additional terms and conditions of sale. Learn more about the Structure, physical and chemical properties of PbO2 from the experts at BYJUS. Use fire-fighting measures that suit the surrounding fire.Special hazards arising from the substance or mixtureIf this product is involved in a fire, the following can be released:Lead oxide fumeAdvice for firefightersProtective equipment:Wear self-contained respirator.Wear fully protective impervious suit. 0000002739 00000 n Lead also has an oxide with mixed +2 and +4 oxidation states, red lead (Pb3O4), also known as minium. This compound's Latin name minium originates from the Minius, a river in northwest Iberia where it was first mined. Pb(OH) 2) or lead(II) oxide (PbO) was encountered where lead hydroxide was expected. Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. They are used as inks for screen printing resistors into thick-film microcircuits. KDy&2 In this video we'll write the correct formula for Lead (II) oxide, PbO.To write the formula for Lead (II) oxide well use the Periodic Table and follow some simple rules.---Keys for Writing Formulas for Compounds with Transition Metals---1. Lead Oxide: Mineral information, data and localities. It dissolves in nitric acid with the evolution of nitric oxide gas to form dissolved Pb(NO3)2. Lead(II,IV) oxide, also called red lead or minium, is the inorganic compound with the formula Lead oxide is a polycrystalline material that is widely used in areas such as optoelectronics , storage batteries , battery recycling , radiation shielding , gas sensors and photovoltaic cells . Sonochemical synthesis of two novel Pb(II) 2D metal coordination polymer complexes: New precursor for facile fabrication of lead(II) oxide/bromide micro-nanostructures. lead dioxide reacts with hot acids, since Pb4+ cation is very instable, it converts in to stable Pb2+ state and oxygen is liberated. The technical storage or access is necessary for the legitimate purpose of storing preferences that are not requested by the subscriber or user. 4 Black lead is made for specific use in the manufacture of lead It has wide applications in electrochemistry, especially as the positive plate of lead acid batteries. The lead atom has a radius of 175 pm and a Van der Waals radius of 202 pm. [3], PbO may be prepared by heating lead metal in air at approximately 600C (1,100F). [4], There are three oxides known: PbO, Pb3O4 (sometimes called "minium"), and PbO2. Structure: Lead IV Oxide Has A Crystal Hexagonal Structure, ) is an amphoteric compound with prevalent acidic properties. The former has two allotropes: -PbO and -PbO, both with layer structure and tetracoordinated lead. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop new approaches and standardized test procedures to study the potential hazardous effect of nanoparticles on the human health and environment. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. [14] Lead dioxide is a strong oxidizer, so any contact of skin, eyes with either lead dioxide or its vapours may cause severe injury in the form of burns which can even lead to death. See if the charges are balanced (if they are youre done!)4. A vivid red or orange block, it is used in the manufacturing of batteries as a pigment, and rustproof priming paints. Its utility arises from the anomalous metallic conductivity of PbO2. Select the correct answer and click on the Finish buttonCheck your score and answers at the end of the quiz, Visit BYJUS for all Chemistry related queries and study materials, Your Mobile number and Email id will not be published. Lead(II,IV) oxide, also called red lead or minium, is the inorganic compound with the formula .A bright red or orange solid, it is used as pigment, in the manufacture of batteries, and rustproof primer paints.It is an example of a mixed valence compound, being composed of both Pb(II) and Pb(IV) in the ratio of two to one. Please join us and our customer and co-sponsor. Lead monoxide, Lead(2+) oxide, Lead protoxide, Plumbous oxide, lead(2+); oxygen(2-), Lead monooxide, Litharge, Massicot, CAS 79120-33-5. Nitric acid dissolves the lead(II) oxide component, leaving behind the insoluble lead(IV) oxide: With iron oxides and with elemental iron, lead(II,IV) oxide forms insoluble iron(II) and iron(III) plumbates, which is the basis of the anticorrosive properties of lead-based paints applied to iron objects. It is used as the cathode of lead acid batteries. (Lead(II) oxide)IMDG, IATA ENVIRONMENTALLY HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCE, SOLID, N.O.S. Lead Oxide - PENOX The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. Lead oxide is an inorganic compound which may be prepared by heating lead metal in air at approx. Lead(II) oxide | chemical compound | Britannica Information on toxicological effectsAcute toxicity:Harmful if inhaled.Harmful if swallowed.The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains acute toxicity data for this substance.LD/LC50 values that are relevant for classification: No dataSkin irritation or corrosion: May cause irritationEye irritation or corrosion: May cause irritationSensitization: No sensitizing effects known.Germ cell mutagenicity: The Registry of Toxic Effects of Chemical Substances (RTECS) contains mutation data for this substance.Carcinogenicity:EPA-B2: Probable human carcinogen, sufficient evidence from animal studies; inadequate evidence or no data from epidemiologic studies.NTP-R: Reasonably anticipated to be a carcinogen: limited evidence from studies in humans or sufficient evidence from studies in experimental animals.ACGIH A3: Animal carcinogen: Agent is carcinogenic in experimental animals at a relatively high dose, by route(s) of administration, at site(s), of histologic type(s),or by mechanism(s) not considered relevant to worker exposure. It is used in the lead acid battery to oxidize the lead, which generates electricity. Heat carefully at first, then strongly with a hot Bunsen flame, until the mixture becomes molten and runny. When ingested, it is dissolved in the gastric acid and absorbed, leading to lead poisoning. Ask an American Elements Materials Science Engineer, Publish your research on the American Elements website, Case Studies of selected key technologies invented or co-invented by American Elements in just the 1st two decades of this century, P201-P260-P263-P280-P301 + P312 + P330-P308 + P313. The final product quality is adjusted to the customer application in terms of Pb3O4 content, grain size distribution and tamped density. A hybrid monolithic column based on layered double hydroxide-alginate hydrogel for selective solid phase extraction of lead ions in food and water samples. Other dihalides are received upon heating lead(II) salts with the halides of other metals; lead dihalides precipitate to give white orthorhombic crystals (diiodide form yellow hexagonal crystals). 54 0 obj<>stream A bright red or orange solid, it is used as pigment, in the manufacture of batteries, and rustproof primer paints. 0000001749 00000 n PENOX Group is able to offer a range of different product grades of constant quality and high purity. PDF Pb3O4 Material Safety Data Sheet Chemical Name: Lead oxide, red MSDS CI# The lead acid battery stores and releases energy by shifting the equilibrium (a comproportionation) between metallic lead, lead dioxide, and lead(II) salts in sulfuric acid. Metallic lead is attacked (oxidized) only superficially by air, forming a thin layer of lead oxide that protects it from further oxidation. Thanks to this kind of process the final product is completely oxidized without free lead residues and can therefore be used for glass, ceramics, mining and other chemical applications. Put your understanding of this concept to test by answering a few MCQs. Read More. It possesses strong oxidizing properties. Material Safety Data Sheet or SDS for Lead (II) oxide 107401 from Merck for download or viewing in the browser. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. 0000001170 00000 n 0000001572 00000 n As an intermediate product in the processing of raw lead minerals into a metallic lead, PbO is developed on a large scale. (Lead(II) oxide), 9, III. The complexation depends on halide ion numbers, atomic number of the alkali metal, the halide of which is added, temperature and solution ionic strength. UN-NumberDOT, IMDG, IATA UN3077UN proper shipping nameDOT Environmentally hazardous substances, solid, n.o.s. 1907/2006 (REACH).The conditions of restrictions according to Article 67 and Annex XVII of the Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (REACH) for the manufacturing, placing on themarket and use must be observed.Substance is not listed.Annex XIV of the REACH Regulations (requiring Authorisation for use) Substance is not listed.Chemical safety assessment: A Chemical Safety Assessment has not been carried out. Like metals, these materials have overlapping electron energy bands and are therefore excellent electronic conductors. 0000006164 00000 n <]>> PENOX Group is able to supply all grades of lead oxide with specific characteristics to achieve modern battery requirements including Start-Stop but also for high temperature applications . Used as an oxidising agent in the manufacturing of dyes. Catalog Number 107401. Studies on the chemical synthesis and characterization of lead oxide Keep patient warm.Seek immediate medical advice.In case of skin contact:Immediately wash with soap and water; rinse thoroughly.Seek immediate medical advice.In case of eye contact:Rinse opened eye for several minutes under running water. 0000005683 00000 n Electronic Level Alignment at an Indium Tin Oxide/PbI2 Interface and Its Applications for Organic Electronic Devices. Modern applications for PbO are mostly in lead-based industrial glass and industrial ceramics, including computer components. If a pure compound is desired, PbO can be removed by a potassium hydroxide solution: Another method of preparation relies on annealing of lead(II) carbonate (cerussite) in air: Yet another method is oxidative annealing of white lead: In solution, lead(II,IV) oxide can be prepared by reaction of potassium plumbate with lead(II) acetate, yielding yellow insoluble lead(II,IV) oxide monohydrate NCERT Solutions Class 12 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 1, NCERT Solutions Class 12 Accountancy Part 2, NCERT Solutions Class 11 Business Studies, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Science Chapter 16, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions For Class 9 Maths Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 1, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 2, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 3, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 4, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 5, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 6, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 7, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 8, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 9, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 10, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 11, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 12, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 13, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 14, NCERT Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 15, NCERT Solutions for Class 8 Social Science, NCERT Solutions for Class 7 Social Science, NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Social Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12, Important Questions For Class 12 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 11 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 10 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 9 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 8 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 7 Chemistry, Important Questions For Class 6 Chemistry, Class 12 Chemistry Viva Questions With Answers, Class 11 Chemistry Viva Questions With Answers, Class 10 Chemistry Viva Questions With Answers, Class 9 Chemistry Viva Questions With Answers, 2Nd Puc Chemistry Important Questions Chapterwise, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Science, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Physics, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Chemistry, CBSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Biology, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Physics, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Chemistry, ICSE Previous Year Question Papers Class 10 Maths, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Physics, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Chemistry, ISC Previous Year Question Papers Class 12 Biology, JEE Main 2023 Question Papers with Answers, JEE Main 2022 Question Papers with Answers, JEE Advanced 2022 Question Paper with Answers.