an English novelist and essay writer who is regarded as one of the foremost modernist literary figures of the twentieth century. At that time Spain was in the grip of a civil war and in April 1937, in broad daylight, the population of the small town of Guernica in the Republican-held Basque region of Spain was devastated by German bombers and fighters from the Condor Legion acting on General Franco's orders. Both sides repressed opposition; together, they executed or assassinated more than 50,000 suspected enemies to their respective causes. The other great thing about teaching the Spanish Civil War in a European history class is its incredible wealth of documents. prison camps used under the rule of Hitler in Nazi Germany. He supported the rebels against the AP European History Past Exam Questions Free-Response Questions Download free-response questions from past exams along with scoring guidelines, sample responses from exam takers, and scoring distributions. the Royal Irish Constabulary Reserve Force, which was one of two paramilitary forces employed by the Royal Irish Constabulary from 1920 to 1921, to suppress revolution in Ireland by targeting the IRA. extreme right. Spanish Civil War - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia boredom, disillusionment, or a desire for adventure as often as genuine On April 14, 1931 the Spanish monarchy was declared overthrown and a provisional government took power. A German term used by Hitler to describe the German people, Hitler's expansionist theory based on a drive to acquire "living space" for the German people, made up by Italy, France, and Britain to keep the status quo in Europe when Hitler decided to rearm Germany, this was a report generated by a League of Nations to try to determine the causes of the Manchurian Incident which led to the Empire of Japan's seizure of Manchuria; it condemned Japan for resorting to force, but the powers were unwilling to impose sanctions; Japan then withdrew from the league and kept Manchuria, these were Fascists in Spain; they lost the 1936 elections; as a result, Francisco Franco led an army against the republic; this coup d'etat was successful and Franco became the dictator of Spain. The protagonist of Ernest Hemingway's For Whom the Bell a German film director, dancer and actress, and widely noted for her aesthetics and advances in film technique. Because the Russians held the line, the Germans were pushed back, and never recovered. https://www.britannica.com/summary/Spanish-Civil-War. Mussolini and Adolf Hitler. support was not enough. About 40,000 foreigners fought on the Republican side in the International Brigades largely under the command of the Comintern, and 20,000 others served in medical or auxiliary units. More recent estimates have been closer to 500,000 or less. Many people who believed in Pan-Slavism wanted Russia to extend its borders into the Balkans. the corps-level headquarters controlling the German Panzer divisions in Libya and Egypt during the North African Campaign of World War II; the term is commonly used to refer to the headquarters plus its attached combat units. The union of Austria with Germany, resulting from the occupation of Austria by the German army in 1938. a region of Czechoslovakia where many Germans lived; demanded by Hitler in 1938 to have control of this land; when Czechs refused, Hitler threatened war. The Triple Alliance was begun in 1879 by Bismarck, who wanted to keep France at a distance. It chronicles the 1934 Nazi Party Congress in Nuremberg. He was a Swiss reformed Christian theologian and a leader in the neo-orthodox movement. (1934-1939; facsimile images) Trabajadores: The Spanish Civil War through the Eyes of Organised Labour; Digital access to over 13,000 pages of archival materials provided by the University of Warwick . He was the commander of the Deutsches Afrika Korps and also became known by the nickname "The Desert Fox" for the skillful military campaigns he waged on behalf of the German Army in North Africa. a military strategy used in a WWII where the Allies bombed the Japanese for days on end with the goal of weakening their defenses and bringing them to a surrender (which they never do). . Loyalist volunteers arrived in Spain as wellthe International Brigades, about 40,000 volunteers from Europe and the United States, democrats, socialists, communists, and workers eager to fight for a new order. Germany and Italy sent troops, tanks, and planes to aid the Nationalists. The start date of Operation Overlord. War. The ever-cautious democracies, fearful of war, would not intervene, even to provide the Spanish government with weapons and supplies. a 1922 novel by James Joyce, first serialised in parts in the American journal The Little Review from 1918 to 1920, and published in its entirety by Sylvia Beach on February 2, 1922, in Paris. In 1933, new elections produced a rightist government which promptly undid earlier reforms. The Entente Cordiale was an agreement between Britain and France to support each other against protests by a third nation and in which they cleared up conflicts about over-seas possessions (such as British occupation of Egypt and French penetration of Morocco). They were called the Central Powers because they were encircled by the Allied Powers. bombing. The Republican forces had put down the uprising in other areas, except for some of the larger Andalusian cities, including Sevilla (Seville), Granada, and Crdoba. Southern Pro-Nazi French; govern themselves as loyal to nazis; traitors to the Free French in N. France. Want 100 or more? .And Generalismo Franco Franco is still dead. Republican government in Madrid under Largo Cabellero was divided within itself, Generals Goded, Mola, and Francisco Franco There were two battles of El Alamein, both during 1942. The U.S. had frozen Japanese assets and cut off their oil supplies, which hindered Japan's plans for expansion. Spanish Civil War - AP European History Within each area there were 3 different representatives (management, government, worker), who determined the working conditions, prices, wages, and policies of the area. Germany and Japan signed this, promising a common front against communisim. Good Night and have a pleasant tomorrow. AP Euro Period 4 Review (1914-Present) | Fiveable The main antagonists were the Nationalists under Gen. Francisco Franco and the Republicans underFrancisco Largo Caballero and, later, Juan Negrn. The wars end brought a period of dictatorship that lasted until the mid-1970s. Labor unrest was widespread in the early 1930s, and the election of February 16, 1936, brought to power a leftist Popular Front government. A naval base in Hawaii that was bombed by japan on December 7, 1941, which forced America to enter the war, Town in Egypt, site of the victory by Britain's Field Marshal Bernard Montgomery over German forces led by General Erwin Rommel (the 'Desert Fox') in 1942-1943. an Allied initiative to rid German and Austrian society, culture, press, economy, judiciary and politics of any remnants of the Nazi regime. The Soviet Union contributed equipment and supplies to the Republicans, who also received help from the Mexican government. Political group active in aiding the leftist forces in the Spanish Civil War. Youve successfully purchased a group discount. The terms of the treaty were that both nations would be neutral if the other was to go to war with another nation (though this did not apply if Germany when to war with France or if Russia went to war with Austria-Hungary) and that Germany would be neutral if Russia intervened in the Bosporus and the Dardanelles. Spanish Civil War. Bismarck signed the Reinsurance Treaty with Russia in 1887 to ensure Germany's safety. The matter of how many were killed remains highly contentious; however, it is generally believed that the toll of Nationalist violence was higher. The Bosnian crisis occurred when Austria, who had made a previous agreement with Russia to support opening up the Straits for warships if Russia supported Austria. Spanish Civil War Flashcards | Quizlet The Republicans, aided by the Soviet Union, He had no real desire to be Tsar of Russia, and was blamed for the unpopular Russo-Japanese War. The Loyalists and their international volunteers fled, or were captured, tortured and murdered. The Three Emperor's League consisted of Francis Joseph of Austria-Hungary, William I of Germany, and Alexander II of Russia but was formed mainly by Julius Andrssy, Bismarck, and Prince Gorchakov to keep peace between Austria-Hungary and Russia and to keep the conservative European forces together. Truman, Churchill, and Stalin discussed the future of Europe but their failure to reach meaningful agreements soon led to the onset of the Cold War. The strongly nationalistic PM of France during WWI, who helped negotiate the Treaty of Versailles. creating and saving your own notes as you read. 20: The Revolution in Energy and Industry, Ch. In 1936 the Spanish Civil War began. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Our editors will review what youve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Spanish Civil War, (193639), military revolt against the Republican government of Spain, supported by conservative elements within the country. Within months Barcelona would fall, and on March 28, 1939, some 200,000 Nationalist troops entered Madrid unopposed. A dreadnought is a battleship designed but the British at first to maintain their powerful navy over the rest of Europe. . a German SS officer and a physician in the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau. The Kaiser was displeased with Moltke and removed him from his position as General. Economists consider him one of the main founders of modern theoretical macroeconomics. More than eleven feet high and more than twenty-five feet long, it is enormous and its vast scale meant that Picasso had to use a ladder in order to paint the upper sections. The command structure of You'll also receive an email with the link. Ap Euro Dbq. The Spanish-American War lasted only six weeks and resulted in a decisive victory for the United States. The actual Manhattan Project did not take place in NY. On March 7 a civil war broke out in Madrid between communist and anticommunist factions. lasted nine days, from 3 May 1926 to 12 May 1926. Britain, as a result, stood by France all the more firmly. AP European History Textbook . The film contains excerpts from speeches given by various Nazi leaders at the Congress, including portions of speeches by Adolf Hitler, interspersed with footage of massed party members. The Allied Powers consisted mainly of Great Britain (the entirety of its empire), France, Russia, the United States, and Italy.