WebFor example, a child whose parents value hard work may see a friends father sitting around watching television all day and begin to question the importance of work. What is streaming? Public schools tend to focus more on the testing side of the education because that is where they obtain their funding and a child might be offered a chance to be introduced to diversity, whereas private school has more time and the means to explore socialization in many other forms like field trips and such. Attempts to attract more males to the teaching profession have also been suggested as a solution to the boy problem. With school teachers being almost exclusively female, the feminization of schoolingargument suggests that schools are a place where male interests are not cultivated. Other agents of socialization within the school were also discussed. Schools were not equipped to deal with students with social and emotional disabilities, and it was these very students who were disproportionately punished through the Safe Schools Act. Favourable school climates are characterized by non-arbitrary rule enforcement, rewarding of appropriate behaviour, and positive interactions between students and teachers (Reinke and Herman 2002). What are the rationales given for dress codes and school uniforms? Child victims also report having recurring memories of the abuse (Sharp 1995) and being afraid to seek help (Slee 1994; Smith and Myron- Wilson 1998). While the initial appeal of zero tolerance policies is that they theoretically apply the same punishment for rule infractions uniformly to everyone, the actual application of the policy does not appear to be so equitable. These agents include the family, education, religion, peer groups, and the media, and they all play a significant role in shaping an individual's beliefs, values, and behaviors. WebHowever, there are some ways in which school can be considered primary socialization. The outer ring consists of implicit moral instruction, where students are provided with moral exemplars in more sophisticated ways, such as through the curriculum of history and literature. Their inability to behave in ways that are socially acceptable can have many causes, such as parenting styles and disciplinary techniques in the home (Putallaz and Heflin 1990). WebSocialization is the process by which people learn the culture of their society (Chambliss and Eglitis 87). 2010). 1.3: Methods of Socialization - Social Sci LibreTexts Especially in early grades, the relationship that a child has with his or her teacher has a very important impact on emotional, social, behavioural, and academic adjustment (Pianta 1999). They found that Chinese boys were stereotyped as unmanly by White boys and that the White, middle-class definition of masculinity was realized through the rewarding of physically aggressive performances in PE class by these males and by their physical and verbal intimidation of the Chinese-Canadian males through the playing of football and dodgeball. These behaviours, however, served only to reproduce their working-class membership. As discussed in Chapter 2, while policymakers have made recent attempts to mix the vocational and academic trajectories together in high school in order to make them more comparable, students expressed that, based upon the feedback they received from teachers, academic trajectories were preferred and that vocational paths were stigmatized (Taylor 2010). The latter is oriented for someone who wishes to achieve university or post-secondary prerequisites (see Box 6.2 for some comparisons of applied and academic trajectories in Canada). Beattie (2004) also did research on an alternative school in Toronto called the Corktown Community High School. Variation and Formulas Completing a Portfolio, English Language Arts Streaming in Alberta, Mathematics is not the only subject that is streamed. Religion. WebInterests. Recall from Chapter 2 that Boudon discussed how secondary effectslike the aforementioned characteristicscan impact on educational attainment because they influence the types of educational choices made by a student and his or her family. Schools are directly responsible for making people worthwhile in their respective societies. As discussed in Chapter 2, Millington, Vertinsky, Boyle, and Wilson (2008) studied physical education curriculum in a Vancouver high school. The names given to peer groups usually correspond greatly to their style of dress (particularly in the case of girls) and tastes in leisure activities. Want to create or adapt books like this? 7 & 10(Accessed March 2012). School uniforms became more widely implemented in the public school system in the United States in the 1980s and 1990s when school policies were put in place in an effort to control gang activities and increase safety at schools (Han 2010). Since 2007 in Ontario and 2005 in Alberta, character education has been part of the official curriculum in public schools. Benefits. Many of these features of the core can be understood as not only socializing children into being students, but also preparing them for life as adults within bureaucracies. Opponents of streaming note that those from disadvantaged and working-class backgrounds are disproportionately found in the vocational stream (Cheung 2007; Davies and Guppy 2006). Overall, Raby and Domitrek (2007) have found that Canadian youth seemed to be generally supportive of rules they regarded as protective (rules prohibiting fighting and bringing weapons to school, for example), as long as they were presented as logical and enforced fairly in practice. The Britney look consisted of tight jeans and midriff-baring tops, while the JLo look was characterized by figure-hugging velour track suits. Socialization in the Schooling Process, 7. As Krahn and Taylor (2007) argue, students from disadvantaged backgrounds may have the ability to succeed in advanced academic courses, but an assortment of other factors may be reducing their likelihood of taking these courses. The series of courses a student should take that best matches his or her abilities and aptitudes; also known as tracking. The school as a site of secondary socialization was presented, with the differences between the family (primary socialization) environment and the school environment being highlighted. Resistance by youth to the socialization forces of the school and its inherent power relationships can be expressed in a variety of ways. Girls are bullied for being unattractive, not being dressed fashionably, and being physically overdeveloped (Shakeshaft and Barber 1995). Young people tend to build their social identities around specific peer groups, particularly in adolescence. However, Brendgen, Wanner, and Vitaro (2006) found that teacher verbal abuse actually contributed to future adolescent delinquent behaviour in their 17-year cohort study in Quebec, which tracked children from kindergarten to age 23. Streaming, as a way of dividing students into ability groupings, was described as creating internalized roles for students which may force them into social categories that are difficult to move out of. Brint (1998) notes that young children, for example, may be assigned reading material that warns of the consequences of not having such virtues. Personal histories of students are ignored and therefore students do not carry the stigma of past experiences with them in the school. As Table 6.1 illustrates, there are many new things for children to get used to in the school setting. So far, this chapter has described the various ways that teachers and school practices contribute to the socialization of children. Arai (2000) found in a study of Canadian parents who home schooled their children that most indicated that they objected to specific parts of public education rather than the institution as a whole. This act supplanted the Education Act (Section 23), which previously allowed only principals to suspend students and school boards to expel students. The main thrust of this argument is that teaching staff are disproportionately comprised of females who value certain behaviours (like passivity and obedience, which tend to be found more in girls) and subject matter (like reading, which does not appeal to males as much), and that to improve boys performance, more males must be brought into the profession (Skelton 2002; Titus 2004). You can help your child work on It can be difficult for teachers to be warm and supportive when behavioural disruptions from students make it challenging for the teacher to perform his or her instructional role (Jennings and Greenberg 2009). Other researchers have found that school sports coaches create conformity among their players by using misogynistic and homophobic comments to criticize players (Schissel 2000), further contributing to stereotypes about what is considered appropriate male behaviour. Cohens examples of moral panics surrounded various youth cultures, particularly the Mods and Rockers of the early 1960s, and how the media portrayed them as a threat to established law and social order. Less overt ways of instilling values through curricular practices are also found in citizenship education, which teaches students about being good citizens. Citizenship education is present in the primary and secondary curricula of all Canadian provinces and territories (Evans 2006). As noted earlier in this chapter, students with social and emotional disabilities are more likely to be punished under school disciplinary codes of conduct. Warm and supportive teachers and a positive school climate are crucial for the positive social development of children, and the absence of such can have long-term detrimental effects on students, particularly if they have family problems. Social control: Social institutions help to maintain stability and order within society. There are many agents of socialization within the school environment, as indicated by Brints (1998) zones of socialization. If your child is stressed by harmful actions of a school bully or experiences frequent conflicts, his socialization experience can deteriorate quickly. So far, it has been argued that children must adapt to features of school that are much different from their family environments. Researchers have determined that bully victims are weak in temperament (Hodges and Perry 1999; Smith and Myron-Wilson 1998), lack physical strength (Bernstein and Watson 1997; Hodges and Perry 1999; Smith and Myron-Wilson 1998), and are somehow different in terms of looks (including race), dress, or physical ability (Bernstein and Watson 1997; Fried 1997). They suggest, interestingly, that drinking and sexual behaviours of young people can be perceived as festive social interactions and [a source of] popularity among teens and emerging adults, as well as representing a problem behaviour (Sussman et al. As noted by the authors of these studies, such findings also suggest that zero tolerance policies that result in the suspension of problem students may be doing additional damage as they serve to severely weaken the bond that a child has with his or her school (Sprott, Jenkins, and Doob 2005). Agents of Socialization: Definition & Examples - Simply Sociology How did you perceive other groups? American research has found that the home schooled tend to succeed when they attend university (Ray 2004) and were more likely to have at least some college education compared to the general American population. Such school environments have been found to breed delinquent behaviour and academic failure. This also has the effect of creating resentment and rule breaking among students, especially when they see the rules as pointless and arbitrary. In contrast, the English language arts academic trajectory in Alberta is ELA 10-1, 20-1, and 30-1 [which] provides a more in-depth study of text in terms of textual analysis. During socialization, a person learns to become a member of a group, community, or society. For example, in 2010, two Winnipeg teachers were under investigation after performing a sexually suggestive dirty dance at a high school dance competition. Even when accounting for numerous childhood risk factors such as social class of origin, gender, and antisocial behaviour, having been verbally abused by a teacher in early childhood was associated with behavioural problems in adulthood. The rationale behind introducing school uniforms was that standardizing wardrobes would make it impossible for students to wear clothes reflecting gang affiliation and the presence of intruders within schools would be easier to identify as they would stand out in a sea of uniforms. What has changed, however, is the larger proportion of boys without male parents in the home. Asked about the inappropriateness of their behaviour, one student was quoted as saying, Theyre not setting a good example if theyre going to be doing that. Zero tolerance policies refer to specific code infractions that result in immediate punishment, usually in the form of suspension or expulsion, and sometimes involving the police. Since the 1990s, however, this has reversed, with girls getting the higher scores, particularly in reading. She notes that style is perceived to be a voice of resistance among many girls, but also queries whether such an en masse expression of resistance through consumption of fashion and music can really be considered resistance if so many young people seem to be doing itat least to some extent. The government also funds other programs that provide Other research using the same Canadian data sources has also found that a strong school bond, or commitment to ones school and education, is associated with protecting children from the influence of delinquent peers and reducing early aggression in young students (Sprott, Jenkins, and Doob 2005). 3. A major objective of socialization in the school setting is to make a child socially competent. The role of peer groups was also discussed. Typically, socialization is thought of as something that happens to young people, but socialization occurs throughout ones lifetime. What are peer groups and what does social identity mean? Kelly, Pomerantz, and Currie (2005), for example, found that self-described skater girls (i.e., girls who associate with skateboard culture) were expressing their rejection of contemporary ideals of femininity. Homeschooled children have stronger relationships with their parents and Tom Lee. Many critics of home schooling have argued that because school is such an important basis for socialization, this can only mean that children who are home schooled are going to be missing out on some very key aspects of socialization. The peer group becomes more important in adolescence as a source of emotional security and identity. Education serves as an agent of socialization because it engages students in competition in academic success which helps create a social environment for students to interact in. 2010). As discussed later in this chapter, school rules and school codes of conduct are essential features of schools that frame behaviours in a manner such that they produce obedience to authority. Within the outer ring, teachers are also included as exemplars of moral behaviour (see Box 6.1). 7. Social In fact, mile Durkheim (1973) proposed a protracted role for educators in socializing children into morality. There are, however, a significant number of children, not only in Canada but in the United States and beyond, that do not attend school in the way that has been described here. The argument that because school teachers are almost exclusively female, schools are a place where male interests are not cultivated. Girls who were verbally abused by teachers during childhood were also less likely to finish high school (Brendgen et al. Students will be required to sit still during lessons. Senior High English Language Arts; Program of Study. Not all school violence is overt. Describe how school rules, codes of conduct, and dress codes impact on the socialization of students. Policy in which specific code infractions result in immediate punishment, usually in the form of suspension or expulsion, and sometimes involving the police. But curriculum is just one aspect. They were also more likely to be married. However, as Greig (2003) points out, this approach assumes that all boys like a particular type of book and that there is a standardized masculine identity that should be cultivated. 4.2 Explaining Socialization Sociology - University of Minnesota The second part discusses gender socialization with a close look and discussion on feminist theory. Students who exhibit higher academic aptitude are put with similar students into advanced courses where they will be challenged. When a student enters high school, the courses that he or she takes greatly influence the post-secondary options available to him or her upon graduation. Box 6.3 Zero Tolerance Policies in Canadian Schools. Brunsma (2005, 2006) argues that in the United States, school uniforms have not been effective in addressing any of the issues they were intended to resolve. Behavioural conformityrefers to the types of self-regulations of the body that a student must control in order to fit into the school environment. (2010), such conditions can only negatively impact the achievements of these students and further constrain their post-secondary prospects. School