The good news is it's not too late to turn things around. [3], definition of fetch [1 max] That means the choices we make can have a positive or negative impact on the Ocean. Assessment of the level of positive impacts [3], 8. The content will depend upon the landform(s) chosen and may include: -Allotments, The formation of landforms over one or more of these time scales should be related to processes. Regional changes in temperature and precipitation are having impacts on people and ecosystems. An assessment of the relative importance of longshore drift New York: ASCE, Coastal Zone 89, pp. (b) Describe two distinctive features of a geo. Various locations across the UK have tourist areas next to industries. e.g. [10]. fetch controls the size of the waves Special publications, vol 175. You have accepted additional cookies. Overstrand/Mundesley have the widest variety of processes This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution. Activity: Impact: Development: Buildings on the coasts increase the weight pressure on cliffs; ), Barrier Islands: Process and Management. Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of identified landforms that are linked to this scale and their link to process. Professor Lora Fleming, Director of the Exeter University European Centre for Environment and Human Health, said: This project has shown that our coast helps to cater for a variety of human needs, from keeping healthy, to connecting with others. A conclusion may be drawn in the context of the strategy chosen but a conclusion is not necessary in order to reach the top of Band 3. 92 67 Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of identified landforms that are linked to this scale and their link to process [10]. - orientation of coast The beaches and dunes have very different characteristics. AO2 Candidates will need to demonstrate application of knowledge and understanding in order to examine the role of marine processes in the formation of their chosen landform. Fishing nets get dumped all around the world because they have escaped or they have been cut off. (eds. Accept any valid coastal processes but more than one is needed for Band 3. Material from beach can be transported to other beaches, 17. period of time have increased the size of the beach. for each of the above points allow support from resource for 1 development mark in each instance. Coastal regions are highly vulnerable to the impacts of human activities, land cover change, sea level rise (SLR), and climate extremes. Ocean Conservation Trust Registered Charity Number: 1032491, Plastic microbeads in beauty products have been banned. [4], - Wave cut platforms: 896952 Field sketches can also provide similar information and can particularly show the differences between the shape of the area you are studying on different occasions, ie glacial retreat. Nets entangle many fishes and other creature around the coast of Australia especially the Gulf of Carpentaria. In: Pye K, Allen JRL (eds) Coastal and estuarine environments: sedimentology, geomorphology, and geoarchaeology. Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of identified landform(s) of coastal deposition. Location 1 has most decrease/erosion and greatest range (b) Discuss the view that the impacts of human activity on coastal environments are mainly negative. The Marine Stewardship Council report that in 2019sales of MSC certifiedsustainable seafoodreached one million tonnes for the first time and demand for sustainable fish was on the increase. For example, agricultural runoff and coastal development can cause marine pollution. PubMedGoogle Scholar. Examples could be stacks, arches, and wave cut platforms but credit any relevant landform. Some students may also identify the low energy features of the landscape and will highlight the beach as the main characteristic landform of this particular environment. Physical weathering/disintegration by such processes as freeze-thaw action, salt crystallisation, and wetting and drying. natural colonization of dune systems to halt erosion Climate Change: Regional Impacts. 2. the changing role of wind with distance inland In: Finkl, C.W., Makowski, C. (eds) Encyclopedia of Coastal Science. examination of supply of sediment - some places have greater inputs of sediment from rivers, cliffs etc The sandy beach is the junction of land and ocean. 4. It will take only 2 minutes to fill in. "To fail the Amazon is to fail the biosphere, and we fail to act at our own peril." #amazon #humanimpact #agriculture #deforestation #landusechange Human impacts along the coastal zone are numerous, widespread in kind, and typically detrimental to . the impact on the aesthetics of the coast The United Nations have declared that the next decade will focus on Ocean Science and ecosystem restoration. An assessment of changes over geographical space Knowledge and understanding of the processes operating over a time scale of seconds - mass movement, storm events, wave motion, tides and currents An examination of changes over time [15]. Part of Springer Nature. News stories, speeches, letters and notices, Reports, analysis and official statistics, Data, Freedom of Information releases and corporate reports. In this paper, we comparatively evaluate changes in the positive and the negative ecological elements of Shenzhen's coastal zone in the rapid urbanization process to understand impacts of human activities. (a) (ii) Explain why changes in sea level take place over millennia. 15. Knowledge and understanding of the characteristics of one landform of coastal deposition Some of these are a result of direct acts of development and others are indirectly the result of these activities. AO2 the transport and deposition of sediment may provide opportunities for the extraction of sand and gravel Wetlands are constantly adjusting to disturbances occurring within them and within the surrounding landscape. -Does it provide specific information about the related event, ie strength etc Both approaches seen above are acceptable. They can think, reason, feel and make deductions or hypothesis and seek to solve or prove their deductions or theories. The price of good farmland has risen sharply, from 2400 per hectare in 1995 to 30,000 in 2015. Why does your favorite beach seem to be disappearing? 15. (ii) Explain why wave fetch may affect the erosion of this coastal landscape. [3], Presence of unconsolidated sand - some places may have more sand dunes which are more prone to wind erosion (b) Discuss the view that coastal processes have a mainly positive impact on human activity. CERC, 1984. (a) (ii) Suggest how wave type could explain the overall change from 1945-2014. These characteristics may be linked with the processes that are part of the development of the landform such as weathering, marine erosion and mass movement description of suspension, saltation and traction with link to grain size 271 million recreational visits are made to the coast each year. (a) (i) Compare the characteristics of the coastal landscapes shown in Figure 1. the importance of factors such as wave characteristics (such as fetch, wave type and wave orientation) (a) Use Figure 2 to describe the pattern of sediment gain and loss along this coastline. 3.6 billion People live near or around a coast. To first understand the actual impact we have on coasts we have to understand what was before and what is now. We also use cookies set by other sites to help us deliver content from their services. - Sub-aerial processes are a combination of weathering as mass movement. AO2 Candidates may make arguments, using evidence, to show that positive impacts on human activity outweigh negative impacts or conversely that negative impacts outweigh the positive. Anyone you share the following link with will be able to read this content: Sorry, a shareable link is not currently available for this article. The global Sustainable Development Goals will protect nature, especially goal 14 Life Below Water. Aspects of the photograph addressed can be development of shape, position and process. the importance of erosional processes or sub-aerial processes Identification of individual groups. South West Wales has limited number Marshland and wetland is used to by farmers for grazing pasture for cattle: Industry battles alongside coastal tourism. [15], AO1 [5], Expensive overall Examples could include: AO2 Ancient Tribes like the Khmer were introducing fish to the lake Tonle Saple for food for hundreds of years. An assessment of changes over time * The sand dunes on the beaches. used to manage the impacts of human activity on coastal landscape systems. 1. larger waves have more power In the 1940s seawalls and groins and even some small jetties were built to protect the properties on the beach. Relevant responses could include: AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understating of one management strategy. reference to reef composition - live coral, sediment e.g. Distances between collection points? The main type of erosion, from the sea, takes the sand from the sand dunes as well as the rest of the beach in a rip. An examination of changes over geographical space in the formation of the chosen coastal landform/s. Does it show patterns effectively? The geological structure incorporates bedding planes, dip, folding and faulting and can add distinctive features to these landforms. (a) (i) Use Figure 2 to analyse changes in wave height for the three mangrove forests. The Human Impact on Coastal Landscape. Choose the correct verb form in parentheses in each of the following sentences. Your answer should include: Swimming / Living / Sunbathing. Candidates may make arguments to show the balance between positive and negative impacts between or within located areas e.g. (2019) suggests that climate change is currently by far the most important stressor for ocean and coastal ecosystems.In this study the cumulative impact of 14 stressors related to human activities (including climate change, fishing, land-based pressures, and other commercial activities) on 21 different marine ecosystems globally was estimated for each . the extent to which the strategy has reduced impacts on human activity Davis, R.A., Jr., and Barnard, P.L., 2000. Coral reefs are especially fragile marine ecosystems and are suffering worldwide from reef-based tourism developments. An examination of the role of marine processes over time in the formation and subsequent modification of the chosen landform/s. In: Schwartz, M.L. Knowledge of case study Assessment of varying perceptions of positive impacts by different stakeholders, 17 (a) (i) Use Figure 2 in the Resource Folder to identify characteristics of both high and low energy coastal environments. the extent to which the strategy has modified erosion or deposition issues Examine the importance of different time scales in the formation of one or more coastal landforms. AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understanding of the factors that contribute to high energy/erosional landforms, with the knowledge of the processes involved in their formation. Take turns and answering questions. Answers need to link elements of content below to formation of the reef - how they are related to the development of the reef. AO1 content encompasses knowledge and understanding of the variety of time scales outlined in the specification over which coastal processes operate - seconds, seasons and millennia. Wave cut platforms They can think, reason, feel and make deductions or hypothesis and seek to solve or prove their deductions or theories. The, Coastal Erosion is a natural process that takes place along the nations coast causing a loss of sediments in some places and deposits in others.3. The sand dunes on the beaches and dunes have very different characteristics type could Explain the overall Change 1945-2014... They can think, reason, feel and make deductions or theories within located areas e.g,! Link elements of content Below to formation of the waves Special publications, vol 175 an of. Planes, dip, folding and faulting and can add distinctive features a... I ) use Figure 2 to analyse changes in wave height for three... Sedimentology, geomorphology, and wave cut platforms but credit any relevant.. Different characteristics and their link to process between positive and negative impacts between or within located areas e.g of farmland. 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