) "Density Altitude" is the pressure altitude adjusted for non-standard temperature. WebIn a large area of northern Brazil, covered by the Amazon rainforest, the climate is equatorial, hot and humid throughout the year, with constant rainfall. Ridge: An elongated area of relatively high atmospheric pressure. O The reason that humidity is very high in coastal areas is because of the ocean. Climate Graphs central United States and the coastal areas of Korea and Europe. Relative humidity (RH) (expressed as a percent) also measures water vapor, but RELATIVE to the temperature of the air. If an air mass forms over land in the far north it is called continental polar. p High humidity can often have a negative effect on the capacity of chemical plants and refineries that use furnaces as part of a certain processes (e.g., steam reforming, wet sulfuric acid processes). It compensates for roughly 70% of the average net radiative warming at the surface. "Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy". When the humidity is slight (Figure 5a), under the influence of northeasterly airflow, the AOD in the Guangxi area is high, but the effect of the GBA is relatively small, for which the AOD is 0.61. An increase in temperature, and, to a much lesser degree, humidity, will cause an increase in density altitude. Question 1. Relative humidity increases as well, going from 33% in June, to 55% in July, and to 51% in August and September, thus making the heat sweltering. Air Masses Other formulas, such as the GoffGratch equation and the MagnusTetens approximation, are more complicated but yield better accuracy. Heating cold outdoor air can decrease relative humidity levels indoors to below 30%. Air Masses At this point, the storm has typically weakened, but it can still cause damage. In thunderstorms, hail also can develop. This area includes the coastal plains and the western slope of the Coastal Range from the Columbia River to the Strait of Juan de Fuca. The enhancement factor WebHere the humidity is also the highest and a hot tropically humid climate dominates, making the region the greenest in the country. [31] Humidity has a small effect on thermal comfort outdoors when air temperatures are low, a slightly more pronounced effect at moderate air temperatures, and a much stronger influence at higher air temperatures.[32]. mostly temperate, but tropical in Hawaii and Florida, arctic in Alaska, semiarid in the great plains west of the Mississippi River, and arid in the Great Basin of the southwest; low winter temperatures in the northwest are ameliorated occasionally in January and February by warm chinook winds from the eastern slopes of the Rocky Mountainsnote: many consider Denali, the highest peak in the US, to be the worlds coldest mountain because of its combination of high elevation and its subarctic location at 63 degrees north latitude; permanent snow and ice cover over 75 percent of the mountain, and enormous glaciers, up to 45 miles long and 3,700 feet thick, spider out from its base in every direction; it is home to some of the worlds coldest and most violent weather, where winds of over 150 miles per hour and temperatures of -93F have been recorded. Webcoastal areas, where the outside relative humidity may be quite high year round, outside ventilation air may produce little drying effect. In the summer the hot dry air is absorbed by this ocean and the temperature rarely climbs above 35C (95F). antarctic. In vehicles and pressure vessels such as pressurized airliners, submersibles and spacecraft, these considerations may be critical to safety, and complex environmental control systems including equipment to maintain pressure are needed. Jackson The higher the amount of water vapor, the higher the absolute humidity. However, as mentioned above, the majority of moisture in the atmosphere is contained roughly within the lowest 10,000 feet. The humidity in coastal areas is usually than Weather Averages in Oregon Coast {\displaystyle e_{w}^{*}} WebHumidity is a term that indicates the amount of water molecules in the air. So changing the temperature of air can change the relative humidity, even when the absolute humidity remains constant. Long-term average salt-fog concentrations are determined through the placement of an absorption device directly in the environment of interest, where ambient air is pumped at a constant flow rate of 0.8 L/min (Fig. WebAfter a hurricane hits a coastal area, it can travel inland. [42] Indoor relative humidities should be kept above 30% to reduce the likelihood of the occupant's nasal passages drying out, especially in winter. Indeed, a vacuum has approximately the same equilibrium capacity to hold water vapor as the same volume filled with air; both are given by the equilibrium vapor pressure of water at the given temperature. Thus, the relative humidity will drop by a factor of 2 for each 20F (11C) increase in temperature, assuming conservation of absolute moisture. Relative humidity only considers the invisible water vapour. Humidity affects the energy budget and thereby influences temperatures in two major ways. Specific humidity is the ratio of water vapor mass to total moist air parcel mass. Items of Interest SKYWARN. Solutions for energy-efficient buildings that avoid condensation are a current topic of architecture. Nashville Humidity plays an important role for surface life. abhishektiwari54 abhishektiwari54 26.08.2019 The CBE Thermal Comfort Tool can be used to demonstrate the effect of relative humidity for specific thermal comfort conditions and it can be used to demonstrate compliance with ASHRAE Standard 55-2017. Another 21% of the molecules in dry air are oxygen (O2). [4] Relative humidity, often expressed as a percentage, indicates a present state of absolute humidity relative to a maximum humidity given the same temperature. The weather within an air masswhether cool or warm, humid or dry, clear or cloudydepends on the temperature and humidity structure of the air mass. {\displaystyle (RH} In many places, the Costa Rica climate is warm and damp for half the year. Past Derby/Oaks/Thunder Weather Answer. Event Ready Weather Radio Remote Sensing | Free Full-Text | Aerosol Physical–Optical When it is cold outside and the wind is blowing, the wind carries away heat from our bodies faster than if the wind was not blowing. {\displaystyle (V_{net})} ) While humidity itself is a climate variable, it also affects other climate variables. A study concluded, "Maintaining indoor relative humidity >40% will significantly reduce the infectivity of aerosolized virus. Nationwide Weather Stories where ( 2. Does Humidity Affect Climate? | Sciencing When the temperature is high and the relative humidity is low, evaporation of water is rapid; soil dries, wet clothes hung on a line or rack dry quickly, and perspiration readily evaporates from the skin. The system is closed (i.e., no matter enters or leaves the system). ASHRAE Standard 160 (2016). ", "Everything You Need to Know About Combustion Chemistry & Analysis Industrial Controls", "Indirect health effects of relative humidity in indoor environments", "Deriving the operational procedure for the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI)", "New Equations for Computing Vapor Pressure and Enhancement Factor", 10.1175/1520-0450(1981)020<1527:NEFCVP>2.0.CO;2, "Web application for thermal comfort visualization and calculation according to ASHRAE Standard 55", Convective available potential energy (CAPE), Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, High efficiency glandless circulating pump, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Humidity&oldid=1139727835, Short description is different from Wikidata, Articles with unsourced statements from January 2010, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0. "Criteria for Moisture-Control Design Analysis in Buildings", ASHRAE Standard 55-2017: Thermal Environmental Conditions for Human Occupancy, "Fundamental Physical Laws and Definitions", "Relative Humidity & Saturation Vapor Pressure: A Brief Tutorial", Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, "The Heat Index "Equation" (or, More Than You Ever Wanted to Know About Heat Index)", "The Assessment of Sultriness. The average summer temperature ranges from 13-24 C; winter temperatures are 5 C or below. All humidity sensors face problems in measuring dust-laden gas, such as exhaust streams from clothes dryers. Sukkur city located on the Indus River in Pakistan has some of the highest and most uncomfortable dew points in the country, frequently exceeding 30C (86F) in the monsoon season.[23]. WebThe amount of watervapour present in the atmosphere determines the humidity of a place The humidity in coastal areas is usually greaterthan that of the inland areas ten coldest places on earth (lowest average monthly temperature) describes temperature measured in both degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit as well as the month of the year for selected countries with climate extremes. Baker, Howland, and Jarvis Islands: equatorial; scant rainfall, constant wind, burning sun; Johnston Atoll and Kingman Reef: tropical, but generally dry; consistent northeast trade winds with little seasonal temperature variation; Midway Islands: subtropical with cool, moist winters (December to February) and warm, dry summers (May to October); moderated by prevailing easterly winds; most of the 107 cm of annual rainfall occurs during the winter; Palmyra Atoll: equatorial, hot; located within the low pressure area of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) where the northeast and southeast trade winds meet, it is extremely wet with between 400-500 cm of rainfall each year, warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown, mostly mid-latitude desert, long, hot summers, mild winters; semiarid grassland in east, tropical; moderated by southeast trade winds from May to October; moderate rainfall from November to April; may be affected by cyclones from December to April, tropical in south; monsoonal in north with hot, rainy season (May to September) and warm, dry season (October to March), subtropical, tempered by easterly trade winds, relatively low humidity, little seasonal temperature variation; rainy season September to November, tropical; hot, rainy season (November to April); cool, dry season (May to October); rains 250-300 cm per year (80% humidity); average temperature 26.6 degrees Celsius, temperate; temperature and precipitation vary with altitude, warm to hot summers, cool to mild winters, a wide equatorial band of hot and humid tropical climates, bordered north and south by subtropical temperate zones that separate two large areas of cold and dry polar climatesten driest places on earth (average annual precipitation): McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica 0 mm (0 in)Arica, Chile 0.76 mm (0.03 in)Al Kufrah, Libya 0.86 mm (0.03 in)Aswan, Egypt 0.86 mm (0.03 in)Luxor, Egypt 0.86 mm (0.03 in)Ica, Peru 2.29 mm (0.09 in)Wadi Halfa, Sudan 2.45 mm (0.1 in)Iquique, Chile 5.08 mm (0.2 in)Pelican Point, Namibia 8.13 mm (0.32 in)El Arab (Aoulef), Algeria 12.19 mm (0.48 in)ten wettest places on earth (average annual precipitation): Mawsynram, India 11,871 mm (467.4 in)Cherrapunji, India 11,777 mm (463.7 in)Tutunendo, Colombia 11,770 mm (463.4 in)Cropp River, New Zealand 11,516 mm (453.4 in)San Antonia de Ureca, Equatorial Guinea 10,450 mm (411.4 in)Debundsha, Cameroon 10,299 mm (405.5 in)Big Bog, US (Hawaii) 10,272 mm (404.4 in)Mt Waialeale, US (Hawaii) 9,763 mm (384.4 in)Kukui, US (Hawaii) 9,293 mm (365.9 in)Emeishan, China 8,169 mm (321.6 in)ten coldest places on earth (lowest average monthly temperature): Verkhoyansk, Russia (Siberia) -47C (-53F) JanuaryOymyakon, Russia (Siberia) -46C (-52F) JanuaryEureka, Canada -38.4C (-37.1F) FebruaryIsachsen, Canada -36C (-32.8F) FebruaryAlert, Canada -34C (-28F) FebruaryKap Morris Jesup, Greenland -34C (-29F) MarchCornwallis Island, Canada -33.5C (-28.3F) FebruaryCambridge Bay, Canada -33.5C (28.3F) FebruaryIlirnej, Russia -33C (-28F) JanuaryResolute, Canada -33C (-27.4F) Februaryten hottest places on earth (highest average monthly temperature): Death Valley, US (California) 39C (101F) JulyIranshahr, Iran 38.3C (100.9F) June Ouallene, Algeria 38C (100.4F) JulyKuwait City, Kuwait 37.7C (100F) JulyMedina, Saudi Arabia 36C (97F) JulyBuckeye, US (Arizona) 34C (93F) JulyJazan, Saudi Arabia 33C (91F) JuneAl Kufrah, Libya 31C (87F) JulyAlice Springs, Australia 29C (84F) JanuaryTamanrasset, Algeria 29C (84F) June, mostly desert; hot and humid along west coast; temperate in western mountains affected by seasonal monsoon; extraordinarily hot, dry, harsh desert in east, tropical; modified by altitude; rainy season (October to April), tropical; moderated by altitude; rainy season (November to March), Saint Helena, Ascension, and Tristan da Cunha, United States Pacific Island Wildlife Refuges, Center for the Study of Intelligence (CSI). Lots of water hanging around being evaporated, which when there there is little wind to remove the humidity it all becomes a bit sticky as your swe As the temperature of a parcel of air decreases it will eventually reach the saturation point without adding or losing water mass. The detection rate of V. parahaemolyticus was significantly higher in the eastern coastal areas and northwest compared with the southwest. answer choices . A primary way water vapor increases in the atmosphere is through evaporation. A related parameter is the dew point. This makes it unsuitable for chemical engineering calculations, e.g. Theres a good reason why city dwellers flee to the countryside to cool off in the heat of summer: Rural areas are usually not as hot. Coast In humid climates, thunderstorms often cause heavier rain than general wintertime rainfall since moisture content in the air typically is higher in the spring and summer, and since air usually rises at a much more rapid rate within developing thunderstorms than in general winter systems. Chapter 10: Progress Questions Flashcards | Quizlet While dewpoint is a more definitive measure of moisture content, it is the relative humidity that commonly is used to determine how hot and humid it "feels" to us in the spring and summer based on the combined effect of air temperature and humidity. 1-Stop Drought (broken link)", "Vapor-Liquid/Solid System, 201 Class Page", "Weather History for Sukkur, Pakistan Weather Underground", "Radiative Balance, Earth's Temperature, and Greenhouse Gases (lecture notes)", "Lecture 28: Future Global Warming Modeling Climate Change", "Comparing the Greenhouse Effect on Earth, Mars, Venus, and Titan: Present Day and through Time", "Heat and humidity - the lung association", "School Indoor Air Quality: Best Management Practices Manual", "High Humidity Leads to Loss of Infectious Influenza Virus from Simulated Coughs", "Criteria for enhancing mucus transport: a systematic scoping review", "To what degree is a person's body weight affected by the ambient temperature and humidity? Torrential rains from the storm can cause rivers to flood their banks and mudslides to form. [17] Specific humidity is approximately equal to the mixing ratio, which is defined as the ratio of the mass of water vapor in an air parcel to the mass of dry air for the same parcel. Arctic (A): Arctic air is extremely cold (so cold, it is sometimes mistaken for the Polar Vortex). Each atmospheric gas has its own vapor pressure, a measure of the t For example, in the range of normal temperatures, air at 68F (20C) and 50% relative humidity will become saturated if cooled to 50F (10C), its dew point, and 41F (5C) air at 80% relative humidity warmed to 68F (20C) will have a relative humidity of only 29% and feel dry. There are two main seasons in a tropical marine climate: the wet season and the dry season. Cities in parts of Asia and Oceania are among the most humid. (c) Himalayan. Alertness and mental capacity also may be affected, resulting in heat stroke or hyperthermia. Rather than the spring, summer, fall, and winter pattern found in more temperate areas. National Weather Service The final 1% of dry air is a mixture of other gases. p 2 (b)).Salt fogs are absorbed by an WebStudy with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Over Earth as a whole, one would expect to observe the smallest variation in temperature from day to day and from month to month ____., Hypothermia is most common in ____ weather., In calm air, the air temperature is -10F. If the system at State A is isobarically heated (heating with no change in system pressure), then the relative humidity of the system decreases because the equilibrium vapor pressure of water increases with increasing temperature. Thus, in hot and humid conditions, the density altitude at a particular location may be significantly higher than the true altitude. The sun shines throughout the year, and the rare rains fall from November to March; rainfall totals around Brazil climate: average weather, temperature, precipitation "The Heat Index 'Equation' (or, More Than You Ever Wanted to Know About Heat Index)", Scientific Services Division (NWS Southern Region Headquarters), 1 July 1990, Pieter R. Wiederhold. These examples show how relative humidity can be quite misleading. Climate Quiz Second, water vapor is the most abundant of all greenhouse gases. This is shown in State C. Above 202.64 kPa, the RH would exceed 100% and water may begin to condense. This is the biggest non-radiative cooling effect at the surface. A good example is the Atacama of Chile. Concentration of water vapour present in the air, Relationship between absolute-, relative-humidity, and temperature. SPECIFIC HUMIDITY refers to the weight (amount) of water vapor contained in a unit weight (amount) of air (expressed as grams of water vapor per kilogram of air). Physical strength declines, and fatigue occurs sooner than it would otherwise. The same amount of water vapor results in higher relative humidity in cool air than warm air. Web8. Such short circuits may cause substantial permanent damage if the equipment is powered on before the condensation has evaporated. In other words, relative humidity is the ratio of how much water vapour is in the air and how much water vapour the air could potentially contain at a given temperature. When an electronic item is moved from a cold place (e.g., garage, car, shed, air conditioned space in the tropics) to a warm humid place (house, outside tropics), condensation may coat circuit boards and other insulators, leading to short circuit inside the equipment. Therefore, when applying more pressure to a gas saturated with water, all components will initially decrease in volume approximately according to the ideal gas law. Bangkok, Ho Chi Minh City, Kuala Lumpur, Hong Kong, Manila, Jakarta, Naha, Singapore, Kaohsiung and Taipei have very high humidity most or all year round because of their proximity to water bodies and the equator and often overcast weather. ( WebThe word that describes humidity (maritime or continental) is paired with the word that describes temperature (equatorial, tropical, polar or arctic). These high-pressure areas are part of a globe-encircling belt in which air from the westerlies to the north and from the tropics to the south sinks about 900 feet (275 metres) per day and is warmed by compression, so Cloud condensation nuclei lower the level of supersaturation required to form fogs and clouds - in the absence of nuclei around which droplets or ice can form, a higher level of supersaturation is required for these droplets or ice crystals to form spontaneously. Discussion on Humidity - National Weather Service However, another very important consideration is not only the amount of ambient moisture in a particular location, but also the amount of moisture advection and convergence which provides additional moisture to an area. High humidity/dewpoints in the summer and cold wind in the winter are important because they affect how our bodies "feel" when we are outside. The enhancement factor is commonly used to correct the equilibrium vapor pressure of water vapor when empirical relationships, such as those developed by Wexler, Goff, and Gratch, are used to estimate the properties of psychrometric systems. [36] In general, higher temperatures will require lower humidities to achieve thermal comfort compared to lower temperatures, with all other factors held constant. Pressure: 30.09 "Hg. AND IT NEEDS TO BE AROUND 35%. CoCoRaHS [citation needed], The Arden Buck equation is commonly encountered in the literature regarding this topic:[19]. WebRelative Humidity: (Humidity) - The ratio of the actual amount of water vapor in the air to the possible amount at that temperature. The term relative humidity is reserved for systems of water vapor in air. IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Comprehensive Dynamic Influence of Liquid water can usually be seen running along the aircraft skin, both on the inside and outside of the cabin. First, water vapor in the atmosphere contains "latent" energy. Although weather conditions affect people differently, in general in the spring and summer, surface dewpoint temperatures in the 50s usually are comfortable to most people, in the 60s are somewhat uncomfortable (humid), and in the 70s are quite uncomfortable (very humid). Much of Costa Rica fits this description perfectly. Abu Dhabi: Humidity levels have risen at night in the coastal areas of the UAE since Friday and are expected to remain on the higher side over the next few days. Because it's nearer to a body of water? Unlike most other greenhouse gases, however, water is not merely below its boiling point in all regions of the Earth, but below its freezing point at many altitudes. T Coastal areas to have high humidity The air at the beach has a higher humidity because of the proximity to the sea. [40][41] The use of a humidifier in homes, especially bedrooms, can help with these symptoms. For a given dew point and its corresponding absolute humidity, the relative humidity will change inversely, albeit nonlinearly, with the temperature. If the air is totally saturated at a particular level (e.g., the surface), then the dewpoint temperature is the same as the actual air temperature, and the relative humidity is 100 percent. [38], Very low humidity can create discomfort, respiratory problems, and aggravate allergies in some individuals. The humidity in coastal areas is usually than that of the [39] Extremely low (below 20%) relative humidities may also cause eye irritation. - Average annual temperature. central United States and the coastal areas of Korea and Europe. Remote Sensing | Free Full-Text | Aerosol Physical–Optical Under humid conditions, the rate at which perspiration evaporates on the skin is lower than it would be under arid conditions. WebIn geography, the temperate climates of Earth occur in the middle latitudes (23.5 to 66.5 N/S of Equator), which span between the tropics and the polar regions of Earth. arid to semiarid; cold winters and hot summers, temperate; Mediterranean with hot, dry summers and cool winters, mild temperate; cool, cloudy, wet winters; hot, clear, dry summers; interior is cooler and wetter, arid to semiarid; mild, wet winters with hot, dry summers along coast; drier with cold winters and hot summers on high plateau; sirocco is a hot, dust/sand-laden wind especially common in summer, tropical marine, moderated by southeast trade winds; annual rainfall averages about 3 m; rainy season (November to April), dry season (May to October); little seasonal temperature variation, temperate; snowy, cold winters and warm, dry summers, semiarid in south and along coast to Luanda; north has cool, dry season (May to October) and hot, rainy season (November to April), tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds, the coldest, windiest, and driest continent on Earth; severe low temperatures vary with latitude, elevation, and distance from the ocean; East Antarctica is colder than West Antarctica because of its higher elevation; Antarctic Peninsula has the most moderate climate; higher temperatures occur in January along the coast and average slightly below freezing; summers characterized by continuous daylight, while winters bring continuous darkness; persistent high pressure over the interior brings dry, subsiding air that results in very little cloud cover, tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation, polar climate characterized by persistent cold and relatively narrow annual temperature range; winters characterized by continuous darkness, cold and stable weather conditions, and clear skies; summers characterized by continuous daylight, damp and foggy weather, and weak cyclones with rain or snow, mostly temperate; arid in southeast; subantarctic in southwest, highland continental, hot summers, cold winters, tropical marine; little seasonal temperature variation, tropical cyclones (hurricanes) develop off the coast of Africa near Cabo Verde and move westward into the Caribbean Sea; hurricanes can occur from May to December but are most frequent from August to November, generally arid to semiarid; temperate in south and east; tropical in north, temperate; continental, cloudy; cold winters with frequent rain and some snow in lowlands and snow in mountains; moderate summers with occasional showers, tropical marine; moderated by warm waters of Gulf Stream, arid; mild, pleasant winters; very hot, humid summers, tropical; mild winter (October to March); hot, humid summer (March to June); humid, warm rainy monsoon (June to October), cold winters, cool and moist summers; transitional between continental and maritime, temperate; mild winters, cool summers; rainy, humid, cloudy, tropical; very hot and humid; rainy season (May to November); dry season (February to May), tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north, subtropical; mild, humid; gales, strong winds common in winter, varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas, varies with altitude; humid and tropical to cold and semiarid, hot summers and cold winters; areas of high elevation have short, cool summers and long, severe winters; mild, rainy winters along coast, tropical marine; hot, humid, moderated by trade winds, subtropical; humid; temperatures moderated by trade winds, temperate; cold, damp winters; hot, dry summers, three climate zones including a hot tropical savanna with a short rainy season in the southern half, a tropical hot semi-arid steppe climate typical of the Sahel region in the northern half, and small area of hot desert in the very north of the country bordering the Sahara Desert, tropical monsoon; cloudy, rainy, hot, humid summers (southwest monsoon, June to September); less cloudy, scant rainfall, mild temperatures, lower humidity during winter (northeast monsoon, December to April), equatorial; high plateau with considerable altitude variation (772 m to 2,670 m above sea level); average annual temperature varies with altitude from 23 to 17 degrees Celsius but is generally moderate as the average altitude is about 1,700 m; average annual rainfall is about 150 cm; two wet seasons (February to May and September to November), and two dry seasons (June to August and December to January), temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and erratic, tropical; rainy, monsoon season (May to November); dry season (December to April); little seasonal temperature variation, varies with terrain, from tropical along coast to semiarid and hot in north, varies from temperate in south to subarctic and arctic in north, tropical marine; warm, rainy summers (May to October) and cool, relatively dry winters (November to April), tropical; hot, dry winters; mild to hot, wet summers, temperate; desert in north; Mediterranean in central region; cool and damp in south, extremely diverse; tropical in south to subarctic in north, tropical with a wet season (December to April) and dry season; heat and humidity moderated by trade winds, tropical; humid, average temperature 20-32 degrees Celsius, wet season (May to October), tropical with high humidity, moderated by the southeast trade winds for about nine months of the year, tropical along coast and eastern plains; cooler in highlands, tropical marine; rainy season (November to May), tropical; hot and humid in equatorial river basin; cooler and drier in southern highlands; cooler and wetter in eastern highlands; north of Equator - wet season (April to October), dry season (December to February); south of Equator - wet season (November to March), dry season (April to October), tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator, tropical oceanic; moderated by trade winds; a dry season from April to November and a more humid season from December to March, tropical and subtropical; dry season (December to April); rainy season (May to November); cooler in highlands, tropical along coast, semiarid in far north; three seasons - warm and dry (November to March), hot and dry (March to May), hot and wet (June to October), Mediterranean and continental; continental climate predominant with hot summers and cold winters; mild winters, dry summers along coast, tropical; moderated by trade winds; dry season (November to April); rainy season (May to October), tropical marine climate, ameliorated by northeast trade winds, results in mild temperatures; semiarid with average rainfall of 60 cm/year, temperate; cool summers; cold, cloudy, humid winters, temperate; humid and overcast; mild, windy winters and cool summers, tropical; moderated by northeast trade winds; heavy rainfall, tropical maritime; little seasonal temperature variation; seasonal variation in rainfall, tropical along coast, becoming cooler inland at higher elevations; tropical in Amazonian jungle lowlands, desert; hot, dry summers with moderate winters, tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands, hot, dry desert strip along Red Sea coast; cooler and wetter in the central highlands (up to 61 cm of rainfall annually, heaviest June to September); semiarid in western hills and lowlands, maritime; wet, moderate winters, cool summers, tropical monsoon with wide topographic-induced variation, cold temperate; potentially subarctic in the north to temperate; mild wet winters; hot dry summers in the south, cold marine; strong westerly winds, cloudy, humid; rain occurs on more than half of days in year; average annual rainfall is 60 cm in Stanley; occasional snow all year, except in January and February, but typically does not accumulate, mild winters, cool summers; usually overcast; foggy, windy, tropical marine; only slight seasonal temperature variation, cold temperate; potentially subarctic but comparatively mild because of moderating influence of the North Atlantic Current, Baltic Sea, and more than 60,000 lakes.