Narrated by David Keith, this video explores the history of the legendary Texas Rangers. In 1891, McDonald was selected to replace S. A. McMurry as Captain of Company B, Frontier Battalion of the Texas Rangers where he would take on numerous high-profile criminal cases, including illegal prizefights, bank robberies, murders and riots, according to the, A Texas native, William Lee Wright was born on February 19th, 1868. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Co. B, Mounted Frontier Regt. A partial representative list of selected titles includes: The Texas Gazette (San Felipe de Austin), 1829-30, 60 pages; Telegraph & Texas Register (Houston), 1835-1845, 2,137 pages; Texas Republican (Brazoria), 1834-36, 127 pages; Galvestonian, 1839, 4 pages; Matagorda Bulletin, 1827-39, 128 pages; Redlander (San Augustine), 1841-1846, 140 pages; Today, the Texas Rangers continue their legacy. Nicknamed "High Water Bill" for his predictions on how high the flooding Red River of the North would get each spring, predictions that usually included the exchange of money and property. (Seated, from left) Bob Bell, Cal Aten, Captain Frank Jones, James Walter Durbin, Jim Robinson and Frank L. Schmid. How do the Texas Rangers help tell Texas's story? Though the Rangers did investigate racial tensions in Texas following a riot in Longview in 1919, Swanson reports, they did not, as has been widely reported, engage in an official campaign against the Ku Klux Klan; they devoted more of their efforts to probing civil rights groups, which they regarded as creating the racial tensions in the first place. he retired as a Texas Ranger, Hamer was hired as a special investigator for the Although he lost his case, the depositions and testimony he obtained have. On March 6, all 32 Rangers died. The series, followed by several films, created a new popular image of the Rangers as noble lawmen assisting those in need and meting out justice. The Rangers have taken part in many of the most important events of Texas history and were involved in some of the most well known criminal cases in the history of the Old West, such as those of gunfighter John Wesley Hardin, bank robber Sam Bass, and outlaws Bonnie and Clyde. The Texas Rangers were called in on patrol. 1, Houston. The Rangers also assisted local law enforcement when the Sabine County Sheriff asked for help bringing in the Conner Gang, which was terrorizing the entire county. In that conflict between ranchers who wanted to keep the range open and those who wanted to fence in their land and livestock, the Rangers tracked down and arrested accused fence cutters. Co. of Texas Rangers 1861; CSA Infantry Civil War; served 1862 - 1865, Klier, Wilhelm Friedrich Eduard "William", Pvt.-TST; Unionist who survived the battle at the Nueces River against the Confederates, Kneese, Christian Ferdinand Ludwig "Ludwig", Pvt. In 1874, McNelly was commissioned to head a special force of Texas Rangers called the Washington County Volunteers, who were very active in suppressing lawlessness in the Nueces Strip, an area of land along the border between the Nueces River and the Rio Grande, as well as quelling the Sutton-Taylor Feud and curbing the activities of John King Fisher and Juan Cortina, according to the, Born in Lexington, Virginia, Wallace came to Texas in 1836 after hearing that his brother had been killed by the Mexican Army in the massacre at Goliad. Hays and the Texas Rangers also played a crucial role in securing the Texas-Mexico border during the 1840s. His most famous exploit as a ranger was undoubtedly his capture of John Wesley Hardin, an outlaw responsible for the death of between 20-40 men, in the spring of 1877, according to the, George Wythe Baylor was born August 2, 1832 in Fort Gibson, Indian Territory and would spend the next several years moving around before finally settling in Texas in 1845. Nat B. Jones Photograph, circa 1920. Depending on your historical point of view, Rangers have been at the same time both feared and reviled while also loved and exalted. The shift from savage to heroic began in the 1870s with the formation of the Frontier Battalion. Co. A, Gillespie County, 3, Texas Ranger; served 8 Sep 1870 - 31 May 1871, Mund, Johann Konrad Chistoph Theodor "Conrad", CSA, Texas Ranger; served 25 Aug 1870 - 30 May 1871, Pvt. At more than four hundred pages, Cult of Glory strives to be as panoramic as possible, telling a big story on a big canvas and featuring characters with names like Old Paint, Three-Legged Willie, and Lone Wolf. But it also strives to supplant the Ranger narratives of yore by synthesizing decades of others research as well as Swansons own findings. Colonel Paul Lockhart, pilot of Space Shuttle Mission STS-111, took a 1962 Texas Ranger badge into orbit in honor of the 180th anniversary of the Texas Rangers. The names of some East Texas towns can be downright confusing. painting by Lee Herring. Also Texas State Rangers. The Texas Ranger Special Operations Group includes the Special Weapons and Tactics Team (SWAT) and the Ranger Reconnaissance Team. A fearless fighter and skilled leader, Hays won his fame defending Texans from raids and attacks by both Native American groups and Mexican bandits, according to the, A native to Brooke County, Virginia, McNelly and his family would settle in Washington County, Texas in the late 1850s. Last year, Ranger James Holland elicited a confession from serial killer Samuel Little to the murders of as many as 93 women. Its as if the state needed its own Praetorian Guard to fulfill its imperial ambitions. He gave that story one page, Swanson says. The quiet, mahogany-paneled room, with its august and somber presentation of these implements, was meant to evoke reverence and awe, with little reference to the history it represented. In a recent interview he said that, like many young people of that time, he was first exposed to the Texas Ranger legend through television, specifically the handsome and upright exemplars of the Ranger tradition celebrated in shows from the fifties and sixties such as Texas John Slaughter, part of the Wonderful World of Disney anthology series, and Laredo, an NBC drama that featured three Texas Rangers stationed in South Texas. The ancestors of the West Texas Native Americans lived in camps perhaps as long as 37,000 years ago. With the announcement of a multi-year naming rights partnership, the former home of the Texas Rangers for 25 seasons will be called Choctaw Stadium. Co. , for Mason County, Prec. In response, increasing numbers of settlers headed to the Texas frontier and created a new set of conflicts for the Rangers to police. It only ceased when the U.S. Army and the Texas Rangers forced nearly all American Indians out of Texas. If you fill out the first name, last name, or agree to terms fields, you will NOT be added to the newsletter list. I found the name "Lawley" several times in the records of Oakville in Live Oak County. During the Texas Revolution and Texass years as an independent republic, the Rangers, headquartered in Austin, also served as a border patrol. Some estimates place the number of Hispanic citizen deaths by Texas Rangers during the 1915-1918 wars with Mexico as high as 3,000. The first of these groups was the Frontier Regiment which existed from mid-1861 until December 1863 when the group was mustered into the CSA. James W. Bell. He came to San Antonio in 1837 and within three years was named a Ranger Captain. One reason contemporary writers are able to unearth so much of the Rangers bloody past is because Mexicano memories are long and the stories have been passed down from generation to generation. San Jacinto Battlefield Map by Henry McArdle - 1836 (Texas State Library and Archives) The Defense of the Alamo, February 23 - March 6, 1836 (75K) From Atlas of Texas. By 1843, with the threat of British involvement in the Texas issue, U.S. President John Tyler proposed annexation. Painting of a Texas Ranger by Hermon Adams And according to historical author James Donovan, there were 2,000-3,000 slaves in Texas, many declared indentured servants, in compliance with loosely enforced Mexican laws that prohibited slavery. Initially a school teacher, Hall later became a city marshal in Sherman, a deputy sheriff in Denison, a sergeant of arms for the Texas senate, and finally, the acting commander of the Ranger company, according to the, Originally a Tennessee native, Armstrong moved to Texas joined the rangers at the age of 22. Colonel Homer T. Garrison, Jr., was appointed as the Director of the DPS and the Chief of the Texas Rangers. Prohibition passed in 1918. Texas Inspired Baby Names. What personal story can you tell related to the Texas Rangers? William Alexander Anderson Bigfoot Wallace (Robert Baker), a soldier and Texas Ranger from Virginia, did not discover his brother dead at Goliad, as depicted dramatically in the series. Courtesy Texas State Library and Archives Commission. Agaton Quinones and Manuel Leal led groups of thieves who crossed the Rio Grande into Texas to rob travelers and rustle cattle, then fled back to Mexico to sell their stolen goods. At age 28 he joined the Texas Rangers and is best know for both his involvement in the fence cutting wars and his tracking down of the infamous "Conner gang" in the early 1880s, according to the, Originally an Illinois native, Aten's father moved the family to Texas in 1876. She was seized by Mexican forces in East Texas on April 16, 1836, but was not at the Alamo. Swanson, a Florida transplant to Dallas who graduated from the University of Texas at Austin in 1977, subscribed for many years to the heroic image of the Rangers thats the default position of most Anglo Texans. Recently, a coalition of scholars honored those stories by successfully petitioning the Texas Historical Commission to place three commemorative plaques along the border where Ranger atrocities occurred. War chiefs agreed to peace negotiations with the Rangers at Council House in San Antonio. This is a list of Old West lawmen: notable people who served in various law enforcement positions during the Old West period. No. About Texas, U.S., Muster Roll Index Cards, 1838-1900. . Hays and the Texas Rangers also played a crucial role in securing the Texas-Mexico border during the 1840s. They killed 80 Comanches and lost only one of their own in the fight. Courtesy Texas Ranger Research Center, Texas Ranger Hall of Fame & Museum To protect the new Texans, Ranger companies patrolled the frontier as well as the border with Mexico. In 1935, the Rangers moved under the Texas Department of Public Safety, making them just one part of a larger law enforcement agency. But we really dont know what theyre doing with that, Swanson says. Minute Company 1861; Pvt. At the same time the Rangers were moving away from their past as frontier lawmen, Hollywood elevated the frontier Ranger persona to new heights with The Lone Ranger television show in 1949. Search By Last Name. Old West Life Lessons from the Original Tough and Rugged Texas Rangers. In 1828, Stephen F. Austin created an administrative record of these early land grants. Ready to chase robbers, lasso rustlers, punish killers, and nab locker-room pickpockets. Some viewers thought it strange that Mexican troops appeared to put themselves at risk of friendly fire by lining across from each other to execute Texians in the infamous Goliad Massacre, three weeks after the Alamo fell. Samuel Hamilton Walker was born in Maryland in 1815 and came to Texas in 1836. 3. 3. Minute Company for Gillespie County TST 1861; Pvt. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. When that phrase, attributed to Ranger Captain Bill McDonald in 1896, was used to describe his arrival and response to a possible riotous situation, it forever cemented the image and mythos of the Texas Rangers as a fierce, hard-core band of lawmen who wielded egotistical fearlessness as deftly as they did their six shooters. So I didnt come into this book in any way wanting to do a hatchet job. (Full disclosure: Swanson and I share the same publisher and the same editor. Ranger Jay Banks, who [on the orders of Governor Allan Shivers] blocked school integration in Mansfield, Texas, in 1956. Webb sanitized this era of Ranger misdeeds as well. As an example of the Rangers brutality, Swanson cites an 1855 incident, one of the most gruesome episodes in the organizations history, in which a company of Rangers, led by Captain James H. Callahan, looted and set fire to the Mexican border town of Piedras Negras, just across the Rio Grande from Eagle Pass. Rgt., TST 1862; Texas Capt. Married Etta James Cotton; had brother named Joseph. After serving time in the confederate army, in 1879 Baylor was commissioned a lieutenant in the Texas Rangers and ordered to take over the command of a detachment of Rangers in El Paso. Co. of Mtd. Their scouting and tracking skills also helped locate Mexican camps and guerilla fighters both during and after the war. Wallace served during the republic, fighting to repulse a Mexican invasion near San Antonio in 1842. Cherokee Chief Bowles died clutching a sword given to him by his close friend, Sam Houston. Or maybe you know someone who thinks theyre just a professional baseball team. vetoed the idea, Germany got wind of the offer and panicked. Survived the battle at the Nueces River; Pvt.- Co. A, 1, Pvt. Word had spread of raiding Comanches seeking retribution for the Council House massacre. Title in source: Texas Rangers, February 10, 1862. Minute Co. , Gillespie County TST 1861, Pvt. We know they are true men; and they know exactly what they are about. According to historical accounts, bodies of the Alamo defenders were piled in layers, with wood in between, and burned -- not thrown into a ditch that served as a smoldering grave. Vol. Fr. At the time, Swansons future employer, the Dallas Morning News, offered a response to Lieck that probably represented the opinion of many Texans: He might almost as well propose that the Alamo be razed and the ground used for a parking lot. Indeed, not only did the bill faillawmakers quickly drafted and passed legislation making it illegal to ever abolish the Texas Rangers. 1718-1900 Early law enforcement in San Antonio begins with the alguacils of the Villa de San Fernando de Bexar and progresses to the Texas Rangers, vigilantes, and City Marshals of early San Antonio. Co. A State TRP CSA; Texas Ranger (of Spring Creek), Vet of the Indian Wars; Texas Ranger (of Spring Creek), TX Pvt Company A. CSA / Texas Ranger Spring Creek Area, TX Pvt. These Plains Indians were not originally from the state but moved south from their northern lands as they followed the buffalo. Ira joined the Texas Rangers at age 21 and is probably best know for his involvement in the "Fence-Cutting Wars", where he helped track down dangerous individuals violently opposed to the fencing in of once free-range land, according to the. Involved in the Johnson County War that arose between the owners of large and small ranches in the area. Thomas S. Lubbock - Commander of Terry's Texas Rangers - Holland Lodge No. He came to Texas after learning of the execution of his brother and cousin, but did not get here until 1837, well after the war ended. The Texas Rangers Division is comprised of 150 Rangers who oversee border security operations and specialize in major crime and corruption investigations. For girls, the popular classical names include Fidelia, Hulda, Leta, Minerva, Narcissa, Parthena and Sophrona. Carrigan and Clive Webb cite historians who estimate the number of such victims to be as low as 500 and as high as 5,000 between 1910 and 1920, a time that came to be known among the Mexican Americans of South Texas as La Hora de Sangre (The Time of Blood). Is there a good reason, other than a nostalgia that is not universally shared, for both organizations to exist? Moses Austin, a founder of America's lead industry, obtained government permission to bring colonists to the territory. John (Jack) Coffee Hays led a company of Rangers toward Plum Creek. I wasn't a BeyHive member. Co. A., Gillespie cty, 3, Pvt.-Mason County Minute Men 1861. Governor Sam Houston refused to take an oath of loyalty to the Confederacy. Texas drew up a state constitution in October 1845 and was admitted as the 28th U.S. state by the end of the year. The question of whether we still need the Rangers has been in the air for a good while. According to the Texas Ranger Hall of Fame Museum: This article originally appeared in the June 2020 issue ofTexas Monthly with the headline The Bold and the Brutal.Subscribe today. Pvt. This page is a collection of articles and pages about Texas Rangers who served in the 19th century (1800-1899). During prohibition Capt. Swanson observes that in recent years, the Rangers have had their portfolio boosted, taking on cold cases and public integrity cases. Rgt., TST 1862; TST Jul 1863, Pvt.-Frontier Battalion; served 10 Oct 1870 - 1871, Corp.-TST 1861; Pvt. Established in 1835, the "Texas Rangers Division" was originally intended as a frontier militia put in place by the government to protect settlers from the Indian tribes and outlaws that existed in abundance throughout the region, according to the Texas Rangers Hall of Fame and Museum in Waco. Fr. We consider these men Texas Rangers because the service they performed was that of the Texas Frontier Defense against Indians, not fighting with the Confederacy against Union Soldiers. "We've been the victims of Texas Ranger violence since the 1800s," Garcia said in a recent interview. Soon bullets and arrows flew. Texas in the 1800s - Campbellton and Pleasanton, TX Vintage photos from The Malcolm Jacob Collection. Co. Of Mounted Volunteers, Texas Frontier Regt., TST Mar. In 1891, Governor James Stephen Hogg named Captain Bill McDonald to succeed Samuel A. McMurry as the captain of Texas Rangers Company B, Frontier Battalion, a position that he retained until 1907. She signed a contract with James Morgan in New York City in late 1835 to work as a housekeeper in Texas. That they may be permanently retained in the service on our frontier is extremely desirable." Co. of Mtd Vol, Tx Frontier Regt., TST Mar 1862. Medium 1 drawing : graphite ; sheet 21 x 24 cm. Others stole whiskey and livestock from Mexican peasants. Co. A, Mounted Regt., TST Feb. 1863, Pvt.-TST; CSA Military Sixth Field Battery; enlisted 1862, TX. These bandits operated under the protection of Mexican Captain Ignacio Garcia, who received a percentage of the profits. Agaton Quinones and Manuel Leal led groups of thieves who crossed the Rio Grande into Texas to rob travelers and rustle cattle, then fled back to Mexico to sell their stolen goods. In 1823 Stephen F. Austin hired ten men to act as rangers in order to carry out a punitive expedition against the Karankawa tribe in South Texas, whom he believed couldnt coexist with Anglo settlers. Co. A, Mtd Regt, TST Dec 1862. No. , Biographies and Stories of 19th Century Texas Rangers, Sieker, Brothers: A Quartet of Texas Rangers. Historians discount the Yellow Rose of Texas legend, which inspired a song and credited her with distracting Santa Anna at San Jacinto. 43 (front) (A size) [P&P] Repository Library of Congress Prints and Photographs . The Karankawa Indians, typically pronounced kuh-RAHN-ka-wa -- not karen-KOW-uh as in the narration and the dialogue of Billy Anderson (Brendan Fraser) -- are shown at least 80 miles inland from the Coastal Plains that they actually inhabited. Your opinion of the Texas Rangers likely reflects something about how you or your ancestors first entered into the epic tale of the Lone Star State. Some have erroneously called her Emily Morgan the namesake of a historic hotel by the Alamo. The Rangers, in collaboration with the FBI, revealed that a number of TYC officials had had sexual relations with juveniles in their care. Read page 1800 of the latest CBS+ news, headlines, stories, photos, and video from CBS News. See related: 10 things the History Channel's 'Texas Rising' got wrong about the Battle of the Alamo. Ferguson's men formed an ineffective and often sleazy "Special Ranger" force and crime rose steadily. thesis, Texas A&I University, 1945). Republic of Texas President Mirabeau B. Lamar ordered the expulsion or extermination of all American Indian tribes. They made the six-shooter (the Colt revolver) the weapon of the West, and at their peak in the 1870s they effectively brought law and order to hundreds of miles of Texas frontier. Established in 1835, the "Texas Rangers Division" was originally intended as a frontier militia put in place by the government to protect settlers from the Indian tribes and outlaws that. While the U.S. Army was officially in charge of keeping pioneers safe from attacks, there often werent enough soldiers to do the job effectively. General Zachary Taylor said of the Rangers under his command, There is scarcely a form of crime that has not been reported to me as committed by them.. Near the Escondido River, Mexican troops and a group of Native American warriors met the Rangers. As Swanson puts it, Theyre still answering the call, still ready to ride to the rescue. Retired Ranger Captain Frank Hamer (who brought down Bonnie and Clyde) wrote a letter to King George V of England offering the services of 49 retired Rangers to help defend England against German invasion. Hays immigrated to Texas in 1836 in time to take part in the Texas Revolution. The Texas Legislature passed an act authorizing Rangers to employ the services of "friendly" American Indian tribes as scouts and spies. Fighting in some of the periods most significant battles between Texans and American Indians, Hays quickly proved himself to be a strong leader, smart decision-maker, and fearless and brutal fighter. 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