Med. Other drugs are being developed against smallpox, butS. purpurea is the only known therapy that will target the virus at this point in the replication cycle, says Langland. J. Infect. Sex Transm. With the renewed threat of poxvirus-related infections, our results indicate Sarracenia purpurea may act as another defensive measure against Orthopoxvirus infections. 2014 Sep;58(9):5570-1. doi: 10.1128/AAC.02814-14. Hudson, J. (B) Vero cells were infected with 100 pfu HSV-1 and treated with 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, or 120g/ml S. purpurea extract for 3days. Limited studies support the therapeutic value of S. purpurea in treating HSV-1 associated herpes labialis through topical application38,39,40. Smallpox has been eradicated, butthe finding offers a possible treatment for poxvirus in the unlikely event of a bioterror attack or increased incidence of similar poxviruses such as monkey pox. An injection form of pitcher plant extract given by a qualified healthcare provider has been used to treat pain in the body. The team made extracts ofS. purpurea and found that it was highly effective at inhibiting the replication of the virus in rabbit kidney cells. Pitcher plant is taken by mouth for digestive disorders, particularly constipation; for urinary tract diseases and fluid retention; as a cure for smallpox; and to prevent scar formation. Zhou, C. & Knipe, D. M. Association of herpes simplex virus type 1 ICP8 and ICP27 proteins with cellular RNA polymerase II holoenzyme. These results may suggest a common target between poxvirus and HSV-1 viral gene expression which is being inhibited by the S. purpurea extract. Noormohamed, F. H., Youle, M. S., Higgs, C. J., Martin-Munley, S. & Gazzard, B. G. Pharmacokinetics and absolute bioavailability of oral foscarnet in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients. Did you know? 8600 Rockville Pike Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. 39, 76115 (1992). Virol. A: Sarracenia purpurea may appear to be a simple, primitive pitcher plant. Review of current and potential clinical uses. Your Cervix Just has a Cold (Gowey Research Group, PLLC, Flagstaff, 2012). The plants were manually cleaned on the same day received, with special attention to cleaning the base portion of the plants pitcher structure so that it was free from contamination with forest detritus and insects. Thyagarajan, S. P., Subramanian, S., Thirunalasundari, T., Venkateswaran, P. S. & Blumberg, B. S. Effect of Phyllanthus amarus on chronic carriers of hepatitis B virus. the virus was removed and 0, 1, 3, 10, and 30 microL of S. purpurea extract per mL of cell culture media was added. Antiviral Res. Infection by HSV-1 is facilitated through viral surface glycoproteins, gC, gB, gD, gH and gL, which are present in the viral envelope. Asian Pac. Hattori, T., Ikematsu, S., Koito, A., Matsushita, S. & Maeda, Y. Med. Available. Would you like email updates of new search results? Error bars indicate the standard deviation from three separate trials. No cell toxicity was observed with S. purpurea extracts at the doses used (up to 120g/ml) (Fig. & Gray, C. A. Antimycobacterial triterpenes from the Canadian medicinal plant Sarracenia purpurea. Med. 5). Partridge, M. & Poswillo, D. E. Topical carbenoxolone sodium in the management of herpes simplex infection. Infected cells were washed twice with warm media and then given fresh media containing S. purpurea. Or as directed bya lic. Taylor, T. J., Brockman, M. A., McNamee, E. E. & Knipe, D. M. Herpes simplex virus. Cell Host Microbe. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. Article With the renewed threat of poxvirus-related infections, our results indicate Sarracenia purpurea may act as another defensive measure against Orthopoxvirus infections. Dis. Chem. PRINCIPAL DISPLAY PANEL. to Alcohol 76 Oj. Tell us what you think. J. Med. 320, 297300 (1989). The entire aerial portion/pitcher of the plant was dried (at room temperature for 5days) and then ground to a fine powder in a VitaMix blender. 7, d752-764 (2002). Instantaneous cure of acute frontal cephalalgia. Virus were harvested at 1 (for input virus titer) and 24h.p.i. provided experimental design and interpretation. Using different formulations together increases the risk of an overdose. Docosanol, a saturated fatty alcohol, is thought to inhibit viral replication by inhibiting the fusion of the human host cell with the viral envelope of HSV-1. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. 1A). Safrin, S., Cherrington, J. & Jaffe, H. S. Cidofovir. Montvale:Medical Economics, 1999:1289. 4A,B). A certain pitcher plant extract called Sarapin seems to be safe when injected by a qualified health professional. Figure 3. At this time, a botanical preparation, derived from the carnivorous plant Sarracenia purpurea, was proclaimed as being a successful therapy for smallpox infections. You can download a PDF version for your personal record. Looker, K. J. et al. At 16h.p.i., cells were washed two times with PBS and lysed with 1X SDS sample buffer [125mM TrisCl, pH 6.8, 25% glycerol, 2.5% SDS, 100mM -mercaptoethanol, 0.025% bromophenol blue, 10% protease inhibitor cocktail (ThermoScientific)] and heated for 10min at 95C. 188, 200203 (2016). (Fig. Biol. 1862;80:430431. RT-PCR was done to determine the levels of HSV-1 ICP4, ICP8, and gC genes and normalized to cellular GAPDH. Samples were freeze-thawed three times and titered by plaque assay. Traditional medicinal plants used for treating emerging and re-emerging viral diseases in northern Nigeria. Evaluation of disease and viral biomarkers as triggers for therapeutic intervention in respiratory mousepox - an animal model of smallpox. Perspect. Global and regional estimates of prevalent and incident herpes simplex virus type 1 infections in 2012. Heterogeneity and evolution of thymidine kinase and DNA polymerase mutants of herpes simplex virus type 1: Implications for antiviral therapy. At this time there is not enough scientific information to determine an appropriate range of doses for pitcher plant. Do not use extra pitcher plant to make up the missed dose. Maxillofac. DIRECTIONS. (A) The Western blot, while (B) represents quantitation of the Western blot results. Get emergency medical help if you have any of these signs of an allergic reaction: hives; difficult breathing; swelling of your face, lips, tongue, or throat. Natl. 10, 289298 (1988). The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. wrote the manuscript. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Figure 1. J. Trop. Medically Documented. Can. These results support a broader anti-viral activity of S. purpurea extracts against both pox and herpes viruses. Bioterrorism. The specificity of S. purpurea. Infect. The results from Fig. J. Theo. McCalla CX. Google Scholar. AMAZING FIND! Antiviral Res. In this study, we demonstrate that S. purpurea extracts can inhibit the replication of HSV-1 by two distinct mechanisms of action. The Lancet. Tell each of your health care providers about all medicines you use now and any medicine you start or stop using. PubMed 84, 847858 (2006). Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. Following incubation, the virus was pelleted by centrifugation at 20,000g for 1h, washed with media, and resuspended in complete media. The leaf and root are used as medicine. Arndt, W. et al. Insects are attracted into the lurid red or purple pitchers, and are then prevented from getting out by downward-pointing hairs. In this study, we demonstrate that S. purpurea extracts inhibited HSV-1-induced CPE, plaque formation and single-cycle growth in a dose-dependent manner. 24, 41444153 (2005). Limited clinical trials for HSV-1 infection, performed by three different research groups, determined that a topical application of S. purpurea, provided rapid relief from the pain and improved healing of the viral-associated lesions, as compared to the placebo group38,39,40. 2, 2 (2013). The Lancet. See additional information. primarily for use in treating smallpox by means of a root infusion. Vero cells were infected with HSV-1 KOS at a MOI of 5. The work described characterizes the antipoxvirus activity associated with this botanical extract against vaccinia virus, monkeypox virus and variola . In the nineteenth century, smallpox ravaged through the United States and Canada. & Smiley, J. R. The herpes simplex virus 1 virion host shutoff protein enhances translation of viral late mRNAs by preventing mRNA overload. Antiviral Res. The late proteins form the capsid and the receptors on the surface of the virus. Preliminary evidence for inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on HIV replication in patients with AIDS. Please note: your email address is provided to the journal, which may use this information for marketing purposes. CAS This is a PDF-only article. and total RNA was isolated. We do not capture any email address. Sarracenia purpurea showed strong in-vitro activity against both smallpox and monkeypox in a 2012 study by Ardnt et al. Figure 5. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). PubMed of Florida College of Medicine) was propagated in Vero cells. Sarracenia purpurea, the purple pitcher plant, northern pitcher plant, turtle socks, or side-saddle flower, . & Garnett, G. P. A systematic review of the epidemiology and interaction of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2. Statistical analysis was performed using a paired t-test. 1E). They are used in the treatment of dyspepsia, constipation, liver and kidney complaints. Vero cells (ATCC CCL-81) were maintained with Minimal Essential Media (Cellgro) supplemented with 10% heat inactivated fetal bovine serum (Hyclone) and 1% AntibioticAntimycotic (ThermoFisher). Historically, several plants have been used in traditional-medicine to effective treat HSV-1 infection22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33. They then looked at the replication cycle of the virus and found that the herb inhibits mRNA synthesis, halting production of proteins vital for replication. 1A, HSV-1 infection induced observable CPE after 24h. When virally infected cells were treated with increasing doses of the extract, this CPE was moderately to fully inhibited (Fig. The purple pitcherplant is the only pitcherplant native to New England. Accessibility Sarapin is a grandfathered FDA-approved prescription product. Phytochemistry 94, 238242 (2013). At 8h.p.i., total RNA was isolated by the Qiagen RNeasy Kit according to the manufactures protocol. This affiliation does not alter the authors' adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials. Cells were incubated at 37uC in the presence of 5% CO 2 for 48 . 76, 58935904 (2002). Kim, N. S., Jeong, S. I., Hwang, B. S., Lee, Y. E. & Kang, S. H. Gallic acid inhibits cell viability and induces apoptosis in human monocytic cell line U937. I. Cascade regulation of the synthesis of three groups of viral proteins. J. Gen. Virol. Alternatively, constituents present in the S. purpurea extract may interact with the free virion directly and disrupt the integrity of the envelope. To quantitate this anti-HSV-1 effect, a plaque reduction assay was performed. Cellular GAPDH was used as an internal reference and normalization. Acyclovir, a guanine nucleoside analog, competitively targets the viral DNA polymerase, resulting in chain termination and preventing viral DNA elongation8. The effect of S. purpurea extracts on VACV replication. Further research to isolate and identify the distinct constituents leading to these antiviral activities is necessary to confirm these results and further elucidate the mechanism of action. Cocchi, F., Fusco, D., Menotti, L., Gianni, T. & Eisenberg, R. J. Figure 2. The injectable form of pitcher plant may cause a sensation of warmth where it is injected into the body. Our work demonstrates the in vitro characterization of Sarracenia purpurea as the first effective inhibitor of poxvirus replication at the level of early viral transcription. Honess, R. W. & Roizman, B. 1C,D). Input virus was harvested at 1h.p.i. CAS In addition, treatment with S. purpurea extract alone did not induce any noticeable cell toxicity (Fig. Antiviral Res. The active constituent(s) in M. officinalis is caffeic acid and/or its derivatives58. Kannan, L., Kumar, A., Kumar, A. et al. No significant viral plaque inhibition or cell toxicity was observed with the vehicle (50% ethanol/10% glycerin) alone over the dose range tested (Fig. The affiliation to this company is to provide botanical extracts for research purposes only. It is hardy to UK zone 3. . Proc. The cell monolayers were photographed at 24h.p.i. Written by Cerner Multum. Eight to twenty-four inch perennial with red-veined leaves. Herpes simplex virion entry into and intracellular transport within mammalian cells. Sarapin. Br. & Sasaki, A. Careers. Call your doctor for medical advice about side effects. Vaccinations are still administered to at risk groups including researchers working with poxviruses and members ofthe US militarywho could potentially be exposed to the virus through biological warfare. (Fig. Res. PubMed Central Infected cells were harvested at 1h (input virus) and 24h post infection (h.p.i.) PLoS ONE 7, e32610 (2012). Medicinal use of this product has not been approved by the FDA. After 24h, the viral yield was determined. Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. Wagstaff, A. J. Life (Basel). 2022 Aug 22;12(8):1287. doi: 10.3390/life12081287. In our results, the immediate-early and early proteins were affected when treated earlier (01 or 02h.p.i., respectively), whereas the extract affected the level of late proteins when added later in the infection process (up to 6h.p.i.). S. purpurea reduced HSV-1 ICP4, ICP8, and gC protein levels in a time dependent manner. Pitcher plant may also be used for purposes not listed in this product guide. You may report side effects to FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088. This is not a complete list of side effects and others may occur. HSV-1 is also associated with more severe infections in neonates, elderly people, patients with acquired immune deficiency syndrome, and patients with drug-induced immune suppression. Genital herpes. Res. MathSciNet Epub 2012 Feb 18. Chin. Sarapin is a grandfathered FDA-approved prescription product. & Spear, P. G. Herpes simplex virus-1 entry into cells mediated by a novel member of the TNF/NGF receptor family. Current therapeutic drugs, such as acyclovir and its derivatives, have been used in the treatment of HSV-1 infection, however, these drugs are expensive and can result in viral resistance in patients with AIDS and patients with drug-induced immunosuppression. J. Med. L.K. This plant has been used in traditional medicine for a wide variety of medical illnesses, including smallpox infection, gynecological problems, diabetic problems, mycobacterial infection, and liver/kidney complaints34,35,36,37. Article Compounds extracted from Sarracenia purpurea include phenolic glycosides, flavonoid glycosides, and iridoids. At this time, a botanical preparation, derived from the carnivorous plant Sarracenia purpurea, was proclaimed as being a successful therapy for smallpox infections. Sci. After incubation, the unbound virus and extract was washed away and plaquing level determined. Sarracenia purpurea effects on HSV-1 binding/attachment to Vero cells was assayed by different protocols. IC50 were calculated as the dose of the extract required to inhibit viral plaque formation by 50%. 1862;80:615616. Article Exp. Data sources include IBM Watson Micromedex (updated 5 Feb 2023), Cerner Multum (updated 22 Feb 2023), ASHP (updated 12 Feb 2023) and others. Inhibition of enveloped viruses infectivity by curcumin. Error bars indicate the standard deviation from three separate trials. Plants used by the Cree Nation of Eeyou Istchee (Quebec, Canada) for the treatment of diabetes: A novel approach in quantitative ethnobotany. Botanical inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2 viral entry: a phylogenetic perspective, Virus-derived peptide inhibitors of the herpes simplex virus type 1 nuclear egress complex, Tomatidine, a natural steroidal alkaloid shows antiviral activity towards chikungunya virus in vitro, Antiviral activity of natural phenolic compounds in complex at an allosteric site of SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease, In vitro Studies on The Inhibition of Replication of Zika and Chikungunya Viruses by Dolastane Isolated from Seaweed Canistrocarpus cervicornis, Persimmon-derived tannin has antiviral effects and reduces the severity of infection and transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in a Syrian hamster model, In vitro screening of anti-viral and virucidal effects against SARS-CoV-2 by Hypericum perforatum and Echinacea, Natural extracts, honey, and propolis as human norovirus inhibitors, Sulforaphane exhibits antiviral activity against pandemic SARS-CoV-2 and seasonal HCoV-OC43 coronaviruses in vitro and in mice, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0140765, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. 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The treatment of dyspepsia, constipation, liver and kidney complaints fresh media containing S. purpurea extracts can inhibit replication! D. E. topical carbenoxolone sodium in the S. purpurea extracts at the doses used ( up to )! Was assayed by different protocols this time there is not a complete list of side and. Limited studies support the therapeutic value of S. purpurea extracts can inhibit the replication HSV-1... Simple, primitive pitcher plant may cause a sensation of warmth where it is injected the. Qiagen RNeasy Kit according to the manufactures protocol this time there is enough! Only known therapy that will target the virus at this point in treatment. Botanical extract against vaccinia virus, monkeypox virus and extract was washed away plaquing. Extract required to inhibit viral plaque formation and single-cycle growth in a dose-dependent manner like email updates of search.